A total of 2 000 subjects selleck were referred for semen analysis from different infertility clinics in a five-year period from 2004 to 2009. Complete medical history and informed consent from the patients was taken. Of 2000 subjects, 1521 were finally analyzed and included in the study, along with 97 proven fathers, as control. These subjects were divided into seven groups on the basis of sperm count, motility, and morphology. Their selection was based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Inclusion criteria Males with primary and secondary infertility without treatment and having no relatable cause of infertility were included in the study. Exclusion criteria The patients who had undergone pelvic surgery or hernia repair, patients with diabetes mellitus, thyroid disease, and subjects who were on medicine were not included in this study.
Collection and examination of semen samples The collection and examination of semen were done by properly standardized procedures, as mentioned in WHO laboratory manual.[13,14] Storage of seminal plasma After performing semen analysis, the rest of the semen samples were centrifuged at 2 000 rpm for 15 to 20 minutes. The pellet was discarded, while the supernatant of the semen samples were aliquoted and stored at -20��C for evaluation of seminal Zn. Determination of seminal plasma zinc Semen Zn was estimated by color 5 Br. PAPS method (order No. ZF 01000050; Centronic GmbH, Germany) using the basic principle that at pH 9.8, Zn forms a red chelated-complex with 2-(5-brom-2-pyridylazo)-5-(N -propyl–N–sulfopropylamino)-phenol.
[15] STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS (Version 14.0) software, by applying student’s t-test. RESULTS The patients (n=1521) were divided into different groups on the basis of concentration, motility, and morphology of sperms. According to the nomenclature of semen recommended by WHO,[14] semen sample were categorized as–without spermatozoa (azoospermia), sperm concentration <20 million/ml (oligozoospermia), sperm concentration >250 million/ml (polyzoospermia), sperms having disturbed morphology of more than 30% of normal (teratozoospermia), motility <50% (asthenozoospermia), while the semen sample having progressive activity >25% (overall motility >50%) with sperm concentration within the range of 20 to 250 million/ml were classified as normozoospermia.
A group representing 97 proven fathers was taken as a control. Sperm concentration was 6.99 �� 0.35, 50.11 �� 2.12, 4.45 �� 0.42, 5.64 �� 1.15, 87.49 �� 3.51, 402.23 �� 39.70, and 102.12 �� 1.34 millions/ml in oligozoospermic, asthenozoospermic, oligoasthenozoospermic, teratozoospermic, normozoospermic, Cilengitide polyzoospermic, and proven fathers group, respectively, while it was nil in azoospermics. Seminal Zn was 702.92 �� 10.60, 598.48 ��12.95, 617.54 �� 9.55, 542.29 �� 22.75, 710.36 �� 7.87, 712.06 �� 7.96, 789.36 �� 21.
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