Energy cost vs

Energy cost vs. selleck chem Rucaparib energy expenditure The reader may notice that in the past section we have referred two concepts: energy cost (EC) and energy expenditure (EE). We will explain the rationale behind the separate concepts. We chose to use EE when the methods that are used allow a direct quantification and with no measurement error. The measurement error herein is limited to the technological error with the use of gold-standard equipments and techniques; that is, very low. As such, only when the aerobic fraction of energy release is assessed with VO2 measurement and only when the anaerobic energy involved in the exercise is negligible, it is licit to consider that the EE is truly measured. So, we have already a first and severe limitation to use this concept in ST, as RE are typically characterized by a significant anaerobic energy release.

For these reasons we prefer to refer to the concept of energy cost (EC). The EC represents the total amount of energy that is necessary to perform an exercise and it includes the two fractions of energy, both aerobic and anaerobic. The aerobic fraction can be directly measured without error (other than the technological error) through the VO2 measurement; and the anaerobic fraction can only be estimated. The latter, being estimated, it involves necessarily a certain amount of error adding to the technological error associated with the equipments and techniques of measurement. This separation can be considered conceptual or even merely operational. If the reader prefers, merely operational so be.

We do not disregard the use of EE, but it is important to draw attention to the fact that VO2 measurements are only a part of the total energy demand (that we prefer to call energy cost). Moreover, it is also important to remind the reader that even VO2 measurements, when performed during recovery periods (between exercises or post-session) do not quantify with precision the aerobic energy release. In fact, during post-exercise periods, the VO2 represents several mechanisms that the human body uses to reestablish its homeostasis. Hence, post-exercise VO2 does not quantifies the energy demand (energy cost) of any given exercise. Therefore, we consider the EC concept to be more precise and more suitable to be used. In the present paper, we will only use this concept from now on.

Aerobic energy cost Aerobic EC is usually assessed by indirect calorimetric, with the measurement of the VO2 content in expired gases during exercise. The respiratory exchange ratio (R) is the expression of the respiratory quotient in the ventilation and can also be measured in Anacetrapib the expired gases. The R may serve to estimate the relative substrate oxidation (Wilmore and Costill, 2004) in the muscle cell (R��1,0 for predominant carbohydrate oxidation, R��0,7 for predominant fat oxidation and R��0,8 for predominant protein oxidation). On the other hand, for each R value there is an energy equivalent by liter of O2 uptake.

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