Powder analysis Powder is yellowish to mild brown with dark brown or black spots of cork cells. It primarily consists of vessel elements, fibers, parenchyma cells, cork cells and starch grains. Vessel elements are smaller or larger, with bordered pits. Some are broad and short whereas others are narrow and long. Some are with blunt ends while others with tailed ends. Bast fibers have broad INO-1001 lumen than fibers from wood, which are thin with narrow lumen and both are 10 20??X 450 1020??in size with tapering ends. Stone cells vary in size and are either rounded or polygonal or elongated or oval in shape with pits. Parenchyma cells are rounded or polygonal, thin walled and 30 110??in size. Physicochemical parameters Physical constant values like total ash, acid insoluble ash, and successive extractive values in petroleum ether, benzene, chloroform, alcohol and water are tabulated in Table 1.
Color of OSU-03012 the powder with different chemical reagents and fluorescent behaviors are tabulated in Tables 2 and 3 respectively. Preliminary phytochemical analysis for alkaloids, glycosides, carbohydrates, tannins, flavonoids, amino acids, steroids, terpenoids, saponins, fatty acids and essential oils are tabulated in Table 4. Methanol extract tested positive result for all tests except for amino acids are essential oils. Glycosides, tannins, terpenoids andfatty acids were present in all the extracts. Alkaloids and saponins were not found in aqueous extract. Glycosides were present in equal quantity in all the extracts. In general, roots are rich in terpenoids and tannins. Since most medicinal plants occur naturally in a large number of countries, a plant of potential importance in one country may well have been studied by scientists elsewhere.
Considerable time and effort could be saved if their findings could be made available to all interested people. Pooled information is especially critical when it comes to drugs, as a value judgement on the safety or efficacy of a particular drug can rarely be based on the results of a single study. In contrast, a combination of information indicating that a specific plant has been used in a local health care system for centuries, together with efficacy and toxicity data published by several groups of scientists, can help in deciding whether it should be considered acceptable for medicinal use. No accurate data are available to assess the value and extent of the use of plants or of active principles derived from them in the health care systems of countries.
WHO has estimated that perhaps 807o of the more than 4000 million inhabitants of the world relychiefly on traditional medicines for their primary health care needs, and it can safely be presumed that a major part of traditional therapy involves the use of plant extracts or their active principles. In the developed countries, too, plant derived drugs may be of importance. In the USA, for example, 25% of all prescriptions dispensed from community pharmacies from 1959 to 1980 contained plant extracts or active principles prepared from higher plants. This figure did not vary by more than 1.0% in any of the 22 years surveyed, and in 1980 consumers in the USA paid more than $8000 million for prescriptions containing active principles obtained from plants.
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