The total sample consisted of 255 smokers with ADHD. The mean age was 37. 8 years (SD = 10, range: 19–56); 56.5% of the sample was male, 34.1% were married, 22.4% were divorced or separated and 43.9% were single; 79.2% were non-Hispanic Whites, 13.7% African Americans and 6.3% Hispanics. The mean age at
starting smoking was 13.8 years (SD = 3, range: 5–27). The mean number of cigarettes smoked per day was 20.2 (SD = 10, range: 10–60). The mean number of years of education was 14.4 years (SD = 2.4, range: 6–24). One hundred eighty four smokers showed up at each post-quit date visit (weeks 2, 4 and 6) and were defined as a completer sample; the distributions of demographic and Ibrutinib mouse smoking data in the total and the completer samples were similar. Table 1 shows the means and standard deviations at baseline and during the post-quit clinic visits for the total ADHD symptoms, total nicotine withdrawal scores, and craving, and partial correlation coefficients between ADHD symptoms and the withdrawal and craving measures. Mean scores on the three measures declined during the study. The partial correlation coefficients between ADHD symptoms and withdrawal symptoms,
significant at all time points, were substantially higher after the quit date than at baseline. For craving, the correlations with ADHD symptoms were not significant at baseline, but increased to statistical significance at weeks 2–6 after quit day. Temsirolimus manufacturer A Glimmix model on ADHD symptoms did not show significant effects of age, gender, or race/ethnicity (all p-values > 0.10). The association between withdrawal symptoms and ADHD symptoms after quit day was significantly stronger than before the quit day (β = 0.46, s.e. = 0.11, p < 0.0001). As in the correlational analysis, the Glimmix model showed a significant association between ADHD-RS
scores and withdrawal symptoms at baseline (β = 0.36, s.e. = 0.09, p < 0.0001) and after quit day (β = 0.82, s.e. = 0.07, p < 0.0001). Also consistent with the correlational analysis, there was no association between craving and ADHD symptoms at baseline (β = 0.34, s.e. = 0.77, p = 0.66) but a significant association occurred after quit day (β = 1.74, s.e. = 0.32, p < 0.0001). However, the effect of the time by craving Calpain interaction term was not significant (β = 1.40, s.e. = 0.81, p = 0.09). Table 2 explores the correlations of individual ADHD symptoms with craving and withdrawal symptoms at baseline and on the second week after quit day (similar correlations as seen at week 2 were seen at weeks 4 and 6). At baseline, significant correlations of individual ADHD symptoms with craving as well as with individual withdrawal symptoms were few and small in magnitude. These included correlations between impatience/restlessness with five of the hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms, and between anger/irritability with difficulty sustaining attention.
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