Treatment was well tolerated, with no infusion-related or infecti

Treatment was well tolerated, with no infusion-related or infectious complications. He was discharged from the hospital and continued receiving infusions of eculizumab (maintenance dose of 1200 mg every 2 weeks). His creatinine continues to trend down to 1.56 mg/dl on this treatment. A genetic analysis to evaluate the mutational status of regulatory complement proteins is currently under examination. Conclusion: We report a case of adult onset plasma exchange-refractory aHUS with excellent clinical and laboratory response with the use of eculizumab. LEE DONG WON1,2,

FAUBEL SARAH2, EDELSTEIN CHARLES L2 1Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea; 2Department of Renal Disease and https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Bortezomib.html Hypertension, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, www.selleckchem.com/products/PF-2341066.html USA Introduction: Caspase-1 is a mediator of cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (Cis-AKI). Caspase-1 is activated in the inflammasome, a protein scaffold which contains NLRP (NOD-like receptor protein), and then activates pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1α, IL-1β and IL-18. The aim of this study was to further investigate the inflammasome in Cis-AKI and also to determine whether caspase inhibitor protects

the inflammasome in proximal tubules of Cis-AKI in vitro. Methods: Mice were given 25 mg/kg of cisplatin or vehicle (IP) for in vivo experiment. Proximal tubules (PT) were isolated for in vitro experiment, using collagenase digestion and Percoll centrifugation. After recovery period, freshly isolated PT cells were incubated with vehicle, 10 or 50 μM cisplatin. Results: Mice injected with cisplatin developed AKI on day 3. On quantitative PCR of whole kidney, NLRP3 mRNA expressions were increased on day 3. On immunoblot of whole kidney, there were a Adenosine triphosphate 2-fold increase in ASC (22 kDa) and a 3-fold increase in caspase-5 protein (47 kDa) on day 2 and 3, a 2-fold increase in parent BID (22 kDa) and a 2-fold increase in cleaved BID (15 kDa) on day 3. On immunoblots, NLRP3 (106 kDa)

was present in the freshly isolated PT, but not in cisplatin-treated endothelial cells or LPS-treated macrophages. Caspase-1 activity and active caspase-1 protein (10 kDa) were significantly increased in both groups of cisplatin-treated PT. NLRP3 was strongly expressed in the PT, but with no significant changes between groups. Parent BID (22 kDa), but not cleaved BID (15 kDa), was 2-fold increased in cisplatin-treated PT. On ELISA, IL-1α activity was increased with cisplatin treatment. IL-1β was increased in 50 μM cisplatin-treated PT. PT treated with 50 μM cisplatin in combination with pancaspase inhibitor, QVD-OPH (50 μM) demonstrated decreases in number of necrotic cells and LDH release. Moreover QVD-OPH decreased caspase-1 activity, BID, IL-1α, and IL-1β. Conclusion: Components of the inflammsome are increased in both whole kidneys in vivo, and PT treated with cisplatin in vitro.

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