“
“We examined allele and genotype frequencies for the molecular markers CAPN1 316, CAPN1 4751 and TG5, and determined whether they are associated with beef quality traits in Mexican cattle. One hundred and twenty-four longissimus dorsi muscle samples were collected from cattle from north, central and southern Mexico. CAPN1 316 and CAPN1 4751 frequencies were determined using the allelic discrimination assay and the TG5 marker was typed by PCR-RFLP. Meat quality traits included intramuscular fat content (IMF) and tenderness determined by Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) at 24 h postmortem. The association test was made using a mixed model,
including genotypes, genetic group, and sampling location as fixed effects. Least squares means and significant interactions were compared using selleck kinase inhibitor least significant differences based on the mixed procedure. CAPN1 316 CC was found at a low frequency (0.03) and has been reported as a favorable genotype associated with tenderness meat. Genotype frequencies for CAPN1 4751 were similar in favorable (CC) and unfavorable (TT) genotypes (0.26 and 0.28, respectively). The TG5 CC genotype had a frequency of 0.73, while the TT genotype frequency was 0.01. The means for WBSF and IMF were 4.08 +/- 1.35 kg and 5.23 +/- 2.14%, respectively. Sampling site and the CAPN1 316 genotypes significantly
affected WBSF (P < 0.05). Samples collected from Hermosillo, Sonora, had the lowest WBSF (P < 0.05), while those collected in Veracruz were toughest (WBSF = 5.267 kg). The effect of GG and TG5 genotypes on IMF was significant Selleck DAPT (P < 0.05). CAPN1
316 and TG5 markers were found to be significantly associated with beef quality traits CBL0137 molecular weight and thus will be useful for Mexican beef characterization.”
“Introduction and objectives. Although atrial tachycardia (AT) frequently originates in the pulmonary vein, pulmonary vein atrial tachycardia (PV-AT) can be difficult to recognize on an ECG. The aim of this study was to identify clinical and electrophysiologic characteristics specific to PV-AT, including sinus P-wave duration and notching.
Methods. The study included 87 patients who underwent AT ablation, divided into four groups: those with PV-AT alone (Group 1, n=25), those with PV-AT associated with atrial fibrillation (Group 2, n=18), and those with other forms of left AT (Group 3, n=7) and right AT (Group 4, n=37).
Results. The mean age of patients in Group 1, at 44 14 years, was less than in Groups 2, 3 and 4, at 57 +/- 9, 58 +/- 12 and 53 +/- 16 years, respectively (P<.05) and the left atrial diameter, at 38 4 mm, was less than in the other left AT groups: 48 7 mm in Group 2 and 49 5 mm in Group 3 (P<.05). Overall, PV-AT was most frequently due to abnormal automaticity or triggered activity (P<.05) and presented with a short cycle length: 289 +/- 45 ms and 280 +/- 48 ms in Groups 1 and 2, respectively, versus 392 +/- 106 ms and 407 +/- 87 ms in Groups 3 and 4, respectively (P<.05).
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