opment of an experimental pulmonary fibrosis model as evidenced by marked invasion of inflammatory cells and accelerated collagen synthesis in lung tissue. Inhaled TL, an antifibrotic agent, could attenuate both pulmonary inflammation and early fibrotic symptoms, verifying the validity of the new animal model. From these findings, AZD2171 the BLM RP might be apromising research tool in drug discovery for clinical treatment of pulmonary fibrosis. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors are grateful to Kissei Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd. for kindly providing TL. This work was supported in part by a Grant in Aid for Young Scientists from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Research Projects from the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, and Project of Shizuoka Prefecture and Shizuoka City Collaboration of Regional Entities for the Advancement of Technological Excellence, Japan Science and Technology Agency.
Pulmonary fibrosis is a consequence of several types of lung diseases which leads to respiratory failure within a few years after diagnosis. Cytokines and reactive oxygen species has been thought to be responsible for the pathogenesis of PF. Although the ROS was shown to be essential to the development of PF, the exact pathophysiological gsk3 mechanism for the lung injury still remains unknown. Bleomycin is an antibiotic which has been used in cancer chemotherapy. PF is one of the most important side effects of BLM. BLM itself produces superoxide and hydroxyl radicals by Fenton,s reaction and causes DNA damage.
BLM induced lung injury has become an experimental model in animals for interstitial pneumonitis and PF. Despite the large number of compounds investigated experimentally, none of these drugs have been able to qualify for clinical use, either due to lack of beneficial outcome or significant adverse effects. Therefore, it is advantageous to investigate new agents BMS-354825 Src inhibitor to prevent the development of lung fibrosis. Proanthocyanidin is a biologically active polyphenolic bioflavonoid produced by various plants. It is the main ingredient of grape seed extracts which has strong natural antioxidant effect with little cytotoxic behavior. Usually, pi3k PA has been taken as an enrichedgrape seed extract in traditional herbal usage. It has been proven to display protective effect against oxidative stress in numerous in vivo and in vitro studies.
It has the scavenging effect of ROS, inhibitory effect of ischemia reperfusion injury, and anti imperial inflammatory and inhibitory effect of pesticide induced oxidative stress. In addition to its antioxidant effect, vasodilator, antithrombotic, cardioprotective, and anticancer effects have also been reported. To our knowledge, despite its potential beneficial effects, PA has not been investigated in BLM induced fibrosis. Taurine, 2 aminoethanesulfonic acid, is a normal constituent of the human diet and is present in most mammalian tissues and cells. It is a powerful antioxidant. It has been shown to be protective against BLM induced lung injury. Tau has also been found beneficial in preventing experimental reexpansion pulmonary edema. We have used Tau as a reference to compare the effects of PA. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential preventive effects of PA in BLM induced lung fibrosis.
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