Thus, from a thermodynamic point MEK activity of view, we could infer that lower temperatures might have slightly positive influence on ikaite precipitation. However, we cannot exclude the kinetic effect that might arise from lower temperatures and thus the overall effect of temperature
on ikaite precipitation at lower temperatures (<− 4 °C) remains unknown. The similar τ at PO4 concentrations from 0 to 50 μmol kg− 1 indicates that the change in PO4 concentration does not have an impact on ikaite precipitation in this studied PO4 concentration range. According to the calculation results from CO2SYS, although the CO32 − fraction obtained from two different sets of constants largely differs, both show a similar trend (Fig. 6d): the CO32 − fraction is not affected by PO4 concentrations. On the other hand,
the concentrations of PO4 investigated in this study even as high as 50 μmol kg− 1 are much lower compared to the bulk solution indicating that the change in PO4 concentration has no impact on the solution ionic strength at salinity 70. So the selleck chemicals change in PO4 concentration barely affects the activities of Ca2 + and CO32 −. From a thermodynamic point of view, the change in PO4 concentration on the solution ionic strength, activities of Ca2 + and CO32 − and thus on IAP evolution is negligible. This explains the overlapping of log (IAP) curves in this studied PO4 concentration range. However, besides the thermodynamic effect, kinetics due to the inhibiting
effect of PO4 is also considered to play an important role in calcium carbonate precipitation. It was shown in other studies (Morse et al., 2007 and Reddy, 1977) that PO4 could strongly retard the precipitation of calcite and aragonite in the solution. According to our results on Ω (Table 2), which shows no difference in the studied PO4 concentration range, it appears that PO4 does not have any kinetic effect on ikaite precipitation either, which is consistent with the study of Bischoff et al. (1993). In natural sea ice, temperature is the driving force for the physico-chemical processes in sea ice brine. With the decrease in brine temperature, brine salinity as well as the concentrations of Ca2 + and DIC increases correspondingly. However, the change in temperature might not have a significant direct impact on ikaite precipitation. Ikaite mafosfamide precipitation in natural sea ice is mainly controlled by the brine concentration rate, pH and salinity (ionic strength and the concentration of inhibitor ions). Ikaite precipitation in natural sea ice is mainly found in the upper layer, and the concentration of ikaite decreases with sea ice depth (Dieckmann et al., 2008 and Fischer et al., 2013). This might be due to the high concentrations of Ca2 + and DIC resulting from high concentration rates of brine solutions in the upper layer of the cold sea ice, even though low pH and high salinities in this layer are not the favored conditions.
Related posts:
- Ikaite is more soluble compared to the three anhydrous phases und
- Nilotinib,Paclitaxel,angiogenesis inhibitors added at this point point were unable to help elicit
- Comparing imatinib-resistant ABL point-mutations identified in the cell-based mu
- Multivariate analysis of derived point IR spectra derived from th
- This effect too is confirmed by the significant decreases in the