, 2009). The CASCADE Network of Excellence was funded by the European Commission beginning in 2004 with a mission to integrate European research, teaching, risk assessment and dissemination of results about endocrine disrupting contaminants in food. The CASCADE test platform to assess endocrine disruption included computer and test tube models, biomarkers Selleck ABT263 and cell and animal models to assess effects on animal
and human health so that effective risk assessment could be performed. In order to predict toxicity, results from multiple methods (in silico, in vitro, in vivo) are needed. (See the CASCADE website, http://www.cascadenet.org, for more information.) One model substance studied in CASCADE is bisphenol A (BPA), used in the production of many food-related items including baby bottles, plastic food containers and tableware, etc. and released from these products into food and drinks. In numerous CASCADE studies, results from different in vivo and in vitro models collectively
indicate that the mechanisms whereby BPA interferes with hormone signalling are both diverse GSK-3 inhibitor and complex. Additionally, the range of pathways with which BPA potentially interferes may be much wider than expected, and many may therefore be overlooked if toxicity is measured by the classical testing paradigm only (e.g. the Uterotrophic or Hershberger assays). Based on these knowledge gaps,
CASCADE believes that it is too early to conclude that harmful effects of BPA on, for example, foetal development can be ruled out. Instead, the developing foetus may be particularly vulnerable to BPA, and perhaps also to other endocrine active substances, at specific windows of time ( Bondesson et al. 2009). Assessing and Mitigating Endocrine Risks Associated with Pesticides. Dr. Ivana Fegert*, BASF, Germany. The presentation began with a review of the new pesticide legislation (see Introduction, above). Several similar definitions also of endocrine disruption have been proposed since research in this area began in earnest in the 1990s. The Weybridge definition of 1996 is the one chosen by the European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals (ECETOC). An endocrine disrupter is an exogenous substance that causes adverse health effects in an intact organism, or its progeny, secondary (or consequent) to changes in endocrine function. Currently both targeted endpoint and multi-endpoint studies are used as standard test methods to detect endocrine disrupting activity.
Related posts:
- 110 A molecular model of Alzheimer’s disease Hie amyloid cascade
- , 2009); however, recent studies in murine models of asthma have
- Quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) are known as one of the most import
- In this paper, complex network theory is used to analyze the stru
- In this paper, complex network theory is used to analyze the stru