3. Our data suggest that cooling and rewarming of neutrophils impairs their ability to transit microvessels, reflecting changes in adhesive and mechanical properties observed this website in vitro. and may contribute to cold-associated circulatory pathology. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Subjects
performed a rapid feeling-of-knowing task developed by (Reder, L M., & Ritter, F. (1992). What determines initial feeling of knowing? Familiarity with question terms, not with the answer. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 18, 435-451), while event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded to identify the time course of “”feeling-of-knowing”" signals. Subjects were shown a series of math problems, some of which were repeated multiple times during the course of the experiment, and subjects had to rapidly 8-Bromo-cAMP mw decide whether the answer to a given problem could be quickly retrieved from memory (retrieval trials) or had to be calculated on scrap paper (calculate trials). Behavioral results replicated the 1992 study, showing that subjects can estimate whether the answer is known much
faster than the answer can be retrieved. ERPs time-locked to the onset of the math problem showed that accurate retrieval trials were associated with greater positivity for an early frontal P2 component (epoched from 180 to 280 ms) and a frontal-central P3 component (epoched from 300 to 550 ms). Moreover, this feeling-of-knowing signal was not found for subjects who never obtained a successful on-time retrieval. We interpret these findings as suggesting that initial feeling-of-knowing relies on a rapid assessment of the.. perceptual fluency”" with which the stimulus is processed. If a stimulus is deemed sufficiently familiar, the activation level of an internal problem representation is used to arrive at a decision of whether to search for the answer or to calculate it. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is involved in the mechanism of action Tryptophan synthase of many drugs affecting different functions in the central nervous system. The present study has investigated the effect of diazepam, a
positive allosteric GABA(A) receptor modulator, and sodium valproate, a GABA transaminase inhibitor, on thermoregulation in rats. The experiments were designed into two main parts: (1) in vivo experiments on body temperature of conscious rats; (2) in vitro experiments on temperature sensitivity (temperature coefficient, TC) of rat PO/AH neurons in slice preparations. Central (i.c.v.) or systemic (i.p.) administration of diazepam, as well as sodium valproate produced dose-dependent hypothermia in rats. Both GABAergic drugs diazepam and sodium valproate increased temperature sensitivity (TC) in warm-sensitive rat PO/AH neurons. These results are in agreement with the neuronal model of temperature regulation and confirm the involvement of GABAergic mechanisms in thermoregulation. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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