5) 0(0.0) 0.12 (0.73) 0(0.0) 2(15.4) 0.5 (0.48) 2(6.9) find more 0(0.0) 0.15 (0.69) Poor (2) 9(20.5) 11(32.4) 7(22.6) 2(15.4) 6(20.7) 3(20.0) Average (3) 22(50.0) 15(44.1) 16(51.6) 6(46.2) 12(41.4) 10(66.7) Good (4) 10(22.7) 6(17.6) 7(22.6) 3(23.1) 8(27.6) 2(13.3) Excellent (5) 1(2.3) 2(5.9) 1(3.2) 0(0.0) 1(3.4) 0(0.0) Consumption of the DS* No (1) 10(22.7) 8(23.5) 1.51 (0.22) 8(25.8) 2(15.4) 1.63 (0.20) 9(31.0) 1(6.7) 0.9 (0.34) Yes. regularly (3) 17(38.6)
20(58.8) 10(32.3) 7(53.8) 11(37.9) 6(40.0) Trust in coaches regarding DS Yes 26(59.1) 19(61.3) 4(30.8) 15(51.7) 11(73.3) No 18(40.9) 12(38.7) 9(69.2) 14(48.3) 4(26.7) Trust in physicians
regarding DS Yes 24(54.5) 19(61.3) 5(38.5) 15(51.7) 9(60.0) No 20(45.5) 12(38.7) 8(61.5) 14(48.3) 6(40.0) Primary source of information on DS I have no knowledge on this problem 6(13.6) 7(20.6) 2(6.5) 4(30.8) 5(17.2) 1(6.7) Coach 10(22.7) 8(23.5) 10(32.3) 0(0.0) 5(17.2) 5(33.3) Formal education (school. professional seminars. etc.) 7(15.9) 4(11.8) 2(6.5) 5(38.5) 5(17.2) 2(13.3) Self-education (Internet. literature. booklets. etc.) 21(47.7) 15(44.1) Stem Cells antagonist 17(54.8) 4(30.8) 14(48.3) 7(46.7) LEGEND: A – athletes; C – coaches; O – Olympic class athletes; NO – Non-Olympic class athletes; C1 – single crew; C2 – double crew; frequencies – f, percentage – %; KW – Kruskall-Wallis test; p – statistical significance for df = 1; number in parentheses presents ordinal values for each ordinal variable; * coaches were asked about DS usage of their athletes. The self-determined knowledge regarding DAPT mouse doping issues tends to be below average, with no significant differences between athletes and coaches. Athletes and coaches share opinions about the occurrence of doping in sailing, and one out of three believe that doping occurs to some extent. Opinions about penalties for doping offences tend to favor rigid penalties, including lifetime suspension from competition.
The likelihood of doping is low among the study respondents, and only one athlete declare that he/she was likely Thiamine-diphosphate kinase to try doping in the future. Sixty percent of athletes recognized doping as an issue of fairness and not primarily as a health-threatening behavior, and there is no significant difference between athletes and coaches in any of the studied doping factors. The Olympic crews were more frequently tested for doping and report a lower likelihood of doping than their non-Olympic peers (Table 2). Table 2 Doping factors and Kruskal-Wallis differences between studied groups A C KW O NO KW C1 C2 f(%) f(%) (p) f(%) f(%) (p) f(%) f(%) Trust in coaches regarding doping Yes 21(47.7) 16(51.6) 5(38.5) 12(41.4) 6(40.0) No 23(52.3) 15(48.4) 8(61.5) 17(58.6) 9(60.
Related posts: