Affiliative Social Behaviors ��Nonaggressive social behaviors were commonly associated with tonal syllables. http://www.selleckchem.com/products/Imatinib(STI571).html We observed 177 ��inspections�� (Figure 6(a)); the inspection rate increased rapidly after a disturbance in the colony (Figure 6(b)). During inspections, onset of vocalization occurred within 0.5s of behavior onset 74% of the time (mean = 0.13s; SD = 0.67s). We also observed 199 arching and kissing events (Figure 6(c)) in the 5 hours of recorded video. A long, quasi-CF call was emitted 171 times (86%) by the male while arching and kissing, and was commonly triggered by agonistic interactions between other individuals in the colony (Figure 6(d)). The 177 calls included 536 syllables, for an average of 3 syllables per call.
The QCFl call, emitted during 174 inspections (98%), yielded 2154 syllables, and was usually of long duration and/or consisted of multiple syllables (Figure 6(e)). In a minority of cases, it was not possible to determine the caller. This difficulty was more frequent with short, soft, calls that were not associated with any actions. In a relatively rare event, we observed a male inspect another male 12 times, with the inspected male calling 6 times (50%) for 37 syllables. We did not see females inspect other bats.Figure 6Appeasement behavior in mustached bats. (a) A male inspecting a female. (b) Inspection rate after a disturbance. The grey horizontal line shows the mean rate, and the dotted lines show the 95% confidence intervals. The rate is significantly higher in …
Warning Behaviors ��Behaviors involving quick movements were frequently associated with syllables that appeared to be modified echolocation calls (Figure 7(a), left panel). During the locomotive behavior of a fly-by (Figure 7(b)), there was a small, but significant increase in the production of echolocation-like syllables. During fly-bys, nearby bats emitted stretched Rippled FM calls 158 times (223 syllables) and paraboloid upward FM-stretched rippled FM (pUFM-sRFM) composite calls 91 times (184 syllables) (right panel in Figures 7(b) and 7(c)). The stretched rippled FM call was structurally similar to a ��buzz�� of echolocation calls in rapid succession, but with an upward FM component in the intervening silence intervals (compare Figures 6(a) and 6(c)). Of the 293 fly-bys, the flying bat emitted these calls 177 times (60%). We also recorded these calls in 29 of 62 fights. A similar effect was observed for the same two calls during wing Entinostat flicking, which was often accompanied by a noisy, fixed sinusoidal FM.Figure 7Echolocation and flying behavior in mustached bats. (a) A sketch showing the typical posture of roosting bat echolocating to inspect its surroundings.
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