“
“Based on the model of Paillard and Parrenin (2004), sever

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“Based on the model of Paillard and Parrenin (2004), several box models that incorporate simple parameterizations of the oceanic CO2 pump were developed. The models’ parameters are calibrated to the delta O-18 and CO2 observational time series available for the last 800 kyr BP. The Paillard model performance may be improved if its CO2 sensitivity to insolation is eliminated and different response times are assumed both for absorption/emission of CO2 and for ablation/accumulation of ice. With these changes the correlations between simulated and experimental time

series increase from 0.59 and 0.63 (for CO2 and ice volume V) to 0.77 and 0.88 respectively. Oceanic CO2 pulses of 10 to 20 kyr are found to take place

at the beginning of the last nine deglaciations according to this model. The timing of the find more last nine terminations may also be qualitatively reproduced with a primary production model in which export depends on V. The dependence between CO2 export and V that generates the best fit is not exponential, as expected from some evidences, but a square function. The good model-data fitting suggests that the rate of formation of deep water may be an ABT-263 ic50 important factor controlling the oceanic pulse that triggers the deglaciations.”
“Introduction: This study aimed to assess the knowledge and practice of health care workers (HCWs) towards universal precautions (UPs) and to look into any associations between knowledge and practice. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was undertaken between August and October 2012, involving 300 HCWs from four national public hospitals in Kabul, Afghanistan. A self-administered questionnaire assessing the knowledge and practice of UPs was used. Results: Among the 300 respondents, the mean knowledge score was 5.2 with a standard deviation (SD) of 1.5. On the practice score, the mean was 8.7 (SD = 2.2). A total of 90.6% and 70.8% of HCWs believed that UPs were necessary in contact with

urine/feces and tears, respectively, although UPs are not necessary in these cases. Napabucasin cell line On the other hand, 57.8% reported that they always recapped the needle after giving an injection, and 31.8% did not always change gloves in between patients. There were no associations between the knowledge and self-reported practice of UPs. Conclusions: The HCWs in Kabul had inadequate knowledge and poor practice of UPs. Training for HCWs is needed to encourage them to adhere to practice based on improved knowledge.”
“In this paper a novel sensing platform based on graphene oxide (GO), ionic liquid (IL) 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate and Nafion for the immobilization of hemoglobin (Hb) was adopted with a carbon ionic liquid electrode (CILE) as the substrate electrode, which was denoted as Nafion/Hb-GO-IL/CILE. Spectroscopic results suggested that Hb molecules were not denatured in the composite.

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