Chronic airway inflammation, known as asthma, involves various cells and components, leading to recurring wheezing, shortness of breath, and potentially chest tightness or cough, coupled with airway hyperresponsiveness and fluctuating airflow obstruction. The global prevalence of asthma has climbed to 358 million, causing substantial economic hardship. In spite of that, a cohort of patients remains resistant to presently available drugs, which frequently come with an assortment of adverse reactions. Hence, the development of new drugs for asthma sufferers is paramount.
Within the Web of Science Core Collection, a search was performed for publications related to asthma and biologics, published between 2000 and 2022. The search strategies were as follows topic TS=(biologic* OR biologic* product* OR biologic* therap* OR biotherapy* OR biologic* agent* OR Benralizumab OR MEDI-563 OR Fasenra OR BIW-8405 OR Dupilumab OR SAR231893 OR SAR-231893 OR Dupixent OR REGN668 OR REGN-668 OR Mepolizumab OR Bosatria OR SB-240563 OR SB240563 OR Nucala OR Omalizumab OR Xolair OR Reslizumab OR SCH-55700 OR SCH55700 OR CEP-38072 OR CEP38072 OR Cinqair OR DCP-835 OR DCP835 OR Tezspire OR tezepelumab-ekko OR AMG-157 OR tezspire OR MEDI-9929 OR MEDI-19929 OR MEDI9929 OR Itepekimab OR REGN-3500OR REGN3500 OR SAR-440340OR SAR440340 OR Tralokinumab OR CAT-354 OR Anrukinzumab OR IMA-638 OR Lebrikizumab OR RO-5490255OR RG-3637OR TNX-650OR MILR1444AOR MILR-1444AORPRO301444OR PRO-301444OR Pitrakinra OR altrakincept OR AMG-317ORAMG317 OR Etokimab OR Pascolizumab OR IMA-026OR Enokizumab OR MEDI-528OR 7F3COM-2H2 OR 7F3COM2H2 OR Brodalumab OR KHK-4827 OR KHK4827OR AMG-827OR Siliq OR Ligelizumab OR QGE-031 OR QGE031 OR Quilizumab OR Talizumab OR TNX-901 OR TNX901 OR Infliximab OR Etanercept OR PRS-060) AND TS=asthma*. Articles and review articles were chosen as the document type, while English was the language restriction. Analysis was performed using three different tools, including an online platform and VOS viewer16.18. Employing CiteSpace V 61.R1 software, this bibliometric study was performed.
In this bibliometric study, a total of 1267 English-language papers from 244 journals, were published by 2012 institutions located in 69 countries and regions. Omalizumab, benralizumab, mepolizumab, and tezepelumab's implications for asthma management dominated research activities in the field.
Through a systematic review of literature, this study comprehensively portrays the landscape of biologic asthma treatment strategies over the last two decades. With the goal of understanding key information within this field from a bibliometric standpoint, we consulted scholars, believing this to be an invaluable asset for future research endeavors.
Over the last two decades, this study methodically compiles and examines the literature, revealing a holistic overview of biologic treatments for asthma. Our objective in seeking key information about this field, from a bibliometric perspective, was to consult scholars; we believe this will strongly aid future research in this area.
The autoimmune disease rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is marked by synovial inflammation, pannus formation, and the eventual erosion of bone and cartilage. A high disability rate plagues the community. Due to the hypoxic conditions within the rheumatoid arthritis joint, there is an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial damage. This, in turn, affects the metabolic processes of immune cells and leads to pathological changes in fibroblastic synovial cells, as well as upregulating the expression of various inflammatory pathways, thereby promoting inflammation. Furthermore, ROS and mitochondrial damage contribute to angiogenesis and bone resorption, thus hastening rheumatoid arthritis progression. Our analysis in this review emphasized the correlation between ROS accumulation, mitochondrial damage, inflammatory response, angiogenesis, and damage to bone and cartilage within rheumatoid arthritis. Furthermore, we have documented treatments focusing on reactive oxygen species (ROS) or mitochondria to alleviate rheumatoid arthritis (RA) symptoms, and we examine the limitations and controversies in current research. Our objective is to foster novel research and guide the development of targeted RA therapies.
Viral infectious diseases challenge both the resilience of human health and the stability of global systems. In response to these viral infectious diseases, different vaccine technologies, including DNA, mRNA, recombinant viral vector, and virus-like particle-based vaccines, have been developed. Remdesivir The non-infectious nature, structural resemblance to viruses, and high immunogenicity of virus-like particles (VLPs) makes them real, present, licensed, and successful vaccines against prevalent and emerging diseases. Remdesivir Although many VLP-based vaccines have been developed, only a small portion have been brought to the commercial market; the rest are either in clinical testing or still in the preclinical assessment phase. In spite of preclinical achievements, several vaccines continue to grapple with the small-scale fundamental research, due to pervasive technical challenges. A suitable platform and scalable culture method are indispensable for achieving large-scale commercial production of VLP-based vaccines, along with meticulous optimization of transduction-related parameters, stringent upstream and downstream processing, and vigilant quality control at every production stage. This review article investigates the benefits and drawbacks of various VLP-producing platforms, examines the latest innovations and manufacturing obstacles, and assesses the current stage of VLP-based vaccine candidates at the commercial, preclinical, and clinical trial levels.
Progress in developing novel immunotherapies necessitates precise preclinical research tools capable of a comprehensive evaluation of drug targets, their distribution within the body, safety profiles, and efficacy. Employing light sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM), exceptionally rapid and high-resolution volumetric ex vivo imaging of large tissue samples is achievable. However, until now, tissue processing procedures that are painstaking and lack standardization have hampered the rate of production and wider applicability in the realm of immunological investigation. Hence, a simple and unified procedure for the processing, clearing, and imaging of all mouse organs, extending to entire mouse bodies, was created. Utilizing the Rapid Optical Clearing Kit for Enhanced Tissue Scanning (ROCKETS) in conjunction with LSFM, we were able to conduct a thorough 3D investigation into the in vivo biodistribution of an antibody directed against Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule (EpCAM). Whole-organ, high-resolution, quantitative imaging not only replicated known patterns of EpCAM expression, but surprisingly demonstrated multiple previously unknown points of EpCAM attachment. Previously unanticipated sites of elevated EpCAM expression included the gustatory papillae of the tongue, the choroid plexi within the brain, and the duodenal papillae. Our subsequent analysis indicated significant EpCAM expression levels in both human tongue and duodenal tissue. Given their roles in cerebrospinal fluid production and the transport of bile and pancreatic enzymes into the small intestine, the choroid plexus and the duodenal papillae are particularly sensitive sites. For the clinical deployment of EpCAM-targeted immunotherapies, these recently gleaned insights seem profoundly applicable. Subsequently, the application of rockets, in concert with LSFM, may lead to setting new standards in the preclinical assessment of immunotherapeutic strategies. Ultimately, we advocate for ROCKETS as the premier platform for extending LSFM's application in immunologic research, ideally suited for quantifying the co-localization of immunotherapeutic drugs and specific cell populations within the microscopic structure of organs or even entire mice.
The question of whether immune responses elicited by natural infection or vaccination with the wild-type SARS-CoV-2 virus are more effective against variants of the virus remains open, affecting future decisions about vaccination strategies. Viral neutralization, considered the gold standard for evaluating immune protection, is rarely studied on a large scale in the context of Omicron variant neutralization using sera from individuals previously infected with a wild-type virus.
Determining the relative potency of neutralizing antibodies induced by wild-type SARS-CoV-2 infection versus vaccination, focusing on the Delta and Omicron variants. Is it possible to use readily available clinical data, like infection/vaccination dates and antibody status, to forecast neutralization of variant strains?
A longitudinal cohort of 653 subjects had their sera collected three times, spaced 3 to 6 months apart, from April 2020 to June 2021 in our study. The SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination status of individuals dictated their categorization. Antibodies to spike and nucleocapsid proteins were identified.
Precision and speed are key features of the ADVIA Centaur.
Siemens, coupled with Elecsys.
Roche's respective assays. Healgen Scientific, pushing boundaries in the realm of scientific exploration.
The detection of IgG and IgM spike antibody responses was achieved through the utilization of a lateral flow assay. Each sample underwent pseudoviral neutralization assays using SARS-CoV-2 spike protein pseudotyped lentiviral particles, targeting HEK-293T cells engineered to express the human ACE2 receptor for assessment of wild-type (WT), B.1617.2 (Delta), and B.11.529 (Omicron) variants.
Neutralization titers, at their highest levels at every time point and for all variants, were achieved through vaccination after infection. Prior infection, compared to vaccination alone, resulted in a more enduring neutralization effect. Remdesivir Spike antibody clinical testing demonstrated a capacity to anticipate neutralization of both wild-type and Delta strains of virus. Despite other factors, nucleocapsid antibody presence emerged as the strongest independent predictor of Omicron neutralization. Across all groups and time points, neutralization of Omicron was markedly weaker than that of either wild-type or Delta viruses, showing substantial activity only in patients initially infected and subsequently immunized.
Subjects who were infected with and vaccinated against the wild-type virus had the strongest neutralizing antibody response against all variants, and this effect remained active over time. Wild-type and Delta virus neutralization showed a correlation with spike antibodies targeting the wild-type and Delta variants, but Omicron neutralization correlated better with prior infection evidence. These data help clarify the reasons behind 'breakthrough' Omicron infections in those previously vaccinated, and suggest enhanced protection for those who are both vaccinated and have experienced a previous infection. This research validates the potential need for future SARS-CoV-2 vaccine enhancements, particularly focusing on the Omicron variant.
Participants simultaneously infected and vaccinated with the wild-type virus strain achieved the peak neutralizing antibody levels against all variants, exhibiting enduring activity.
Related posts:
- Relative assessment associated with single-stage and two-stage anaerobic digestion pertaining to biogas manufacturing through high humidity city solid waste.
- Changes in bioactive compounds as well as anti-oxidant exercise involving plant-based food items by simply digestive digestive function: an evaluation.
- MAP2K1 Variations within Sophisticated Digestive tract Cancer Anticipate
- Source apportionment along with source-oriented risk review of pollutants from the sediments of the city river-lake technique.
- The stage A couple of review involving put together chemo-immunotherapy together with cisplatin-pembrolizumab and also radiation pertaining to unresectable vulvar squamous cell carcinoma.