In a case-control study in general practices throughout the UK, participants comprised 550 VTE cases identified from practice records and 1971 age- and gender-matched controls. Participants returned identical questionnaires asking for information including air travel details. Compared to not flying, Nutlin-3 inhibitor cumulative flying time >12 h within the previous 4 weeks was associated with a threefold increase in the risk of VTE [odds ratio (OR) 2.75, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.44-5.28]. Those who had flown >4 h in a single leg in the previous 4 weeks had twice the risk of VTE (OR 2.20, 95% CI, 1.29-3.73). These risks were no longer evident
by 12 weeks and were similar to those of day-case or minor surgery (OR 5.35, 95% CI, 2.15-13.33). Equivalent risks for moderate and high-risk surgery were over 30-fold (OR 36.57, 95% CI, 13.05-102.52) and 140-fold (OR 141.71, 95% CI, 19.38-1036.01) respectively. The temporary nature of the association of cumulative and long-haul air travel with VTE suggests a causal relationship. The risks of VTE in those with a higher baseline risk due to surgery, previous VTE or obesity are further increased by air travel.”
“Background: Genetic factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of moyamoya disease (MMD). Previous studies concentrated on familial MMD patients. In this study, we focused on family members of sporadic MMD
patients, and aimed to gain a clearer understanding of the role that genetic factors play in MMD.\n\nMethods: The immediate family members of MMD patients were initially screened by transcranial Doppler Selleck LB-100 sonography (TCD) and positive cases were verified by magnetic resonance angiography (MRA).\n\nResults: From July 2011 to March 2013, there were 527 MMD patients managed in our hospital, including 38 familial MMD cases.
In this study, 285 immediate family members of 245 sporadic MMD patients were screened. Another 41 cases of familial MMD cases were identified, which included 21 family HDAC inhibitor members and 20 corresponding sporadic MMD patients who had family members confirmed positive with MMD. As a result, the proportion of familial MMD patients increased from 7% (38/527) to 15% (79/527) in this period. For the main segments of the circle of Willis, Kappa values between TCD and MRA for the anterior cerebral arteries, middle cerebral arteries and posterior cerebral arteries were 0.91, 0.72, and 0.47, respectively. Familial cases confirmed by our screening showed a significantly higher percentage of asymptomatic patients (57%) compared with 9% from the control group who had a clear family history before.\n\nConclusions: Familial MMD patients may account for a higher percentage among all cases than previously thought. Some family members of MMD patients may also have MMD, but not have any obvious symptoms.
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