In rats implanted with microdialysis probes and with intraoral cannulae, THC, made sucrose effective in raising dialysate DA in the shell of the NAc. As in the case of highly palatable
food (Fonzies, sweet chocolate), the stimulatory effect of sucrose on shell DA under THC underwent one trial habituation. Altogether, these findings demonstrate that stimulation of CB1 receptors specifically increases the palatability of hedonic taste without affecting that of aversive tastes. Consistent with the ability of THC to increase sucrose palatability is the observation that under THC pretreatment sucrose acquires the ability to induce a release of DA in the shell of the NAc and this property undergoes adaptation after repeated DMH1 exposure to the taste (habituation).
This article is part of a Special Issue entitled ‘Central PI3K inhibitor Control of Food Intake’. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have now convincingly shown that the diverse outcomes (such as the resolution of infection, clinical deterioration to severe disease, or progression from acute infection to persistent infection) that occur following microbial
infection can be at least partly explained by human genetic variation. Unbiased whole-genome approaches have revealed unprecedentedly robust associations between genetic markers and susceptibility to disease, providing clear insights into our understanding of infectious disease biology by revealing the crucial host pathogen interaction sites. Further work characterizing both the host causative variations and pathogenic microbial strains with distinct host interactions and disease outcomes is now required to provide potential new intervention strategies.”
“Engineering of glycosidases with efficient transglycosidases activity is an alternative to glycosyltransferases or glycosynthases for the
synthesis of oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates. However, the engineering of transglycosidases by directed evolution methodologies is hampered by the lack of efficient screening systems for sugar-transfer activity. We report here the development of digital imaging-based high-throughput screening methodology for the directed evolution of glycosidases into transgalactosidases. Using this LGX818 cell line methodology, we detected transglycosidase mutants in intact Escherichia coli cells by digital imaging monitoring of the activation of non- or low-hydrolytic mutants by an acceptor substrate. We screened several libraries of mutants of beta-glycosidase from Thermus thermophilus using this methodology and found variants with up to a 70-fold overall increase in the transglycosidase/hydrolysis activity ratio. Using natural disaccharide acceptors, these transglycosidase mutants were able to synthesise trisaccharides, as a mixture of two regioisomers, with up to 76% yield.
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