In the Asian-Pacific area, Australia has the highest prevalence of overweight (31%) and
obese adults (20%). In China the prevalence of overweight and obese patients has increased by almost four fold during the last two decades. Measure of obesity Several measures are used to assess obesity. Body mass index (BMI), an individual’s body weight (in kg) divided by the square of their height (in m), is an easily available measure often used for obesity assessment in epidemic Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical studies. The WHO divides BMI into four categories: a BMI <18.5 represents an underweight state; a BMI between 18.5-24.9 represents normal weight; a BMI between 25.0-29.9 represents Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical an overweight state, and a BMI ≥30 represents obesity. Other anthropometric measurements of obesity include waist circumference and waist:hip ratio, which better reflect the differential distribution of body fat than BMI alone. Use of radiologic techniques such as computerized tomography (CT) also allows the level of intra-abdominal fat to be assessed. Sophisticated technologies like dualenergy X-ray absorptiometry can provide an overall and regional assessment of body composition. Esophageal meanwhile cancer in general Esophageal cancer represents the eighth most common cancer worldwide and the sixth most common cause of cancer death, with 462,000 new cases in 2002 (4.2% of the total)
alone Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical (15,16). The case fatality ratio is as high as 83%, much higher than that of other common malignancies like breast cancer (36%) or colorectal cancer (52%) (16). It is estimated Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical that the incidence of the disease has increased more than five-fold in some countries over the last three decades (17). In Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical worldwide, there are an estimated 482,300 new esophageal cancer cases and 406,800 deaths occurred in 2008 (18). In
the US, an estimated 17,460 cases of esophageal cancer will be diagnosed in 2012, with 15,070 deaths expected from the disease (19). Adenocarcinoma now accounts for around 50% of all esophageal cancers in the West, while the incidence of squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), previously the most common histology in the West, has been Carfilzomib decreasing by 3.6% per year from 1998 to 2002 across all ethnic groups in the US (19). The incidence of distal and junctional EA rose approximately six-fold from 4 cases per million in 1975 to 23 cases per million in 2001, strongly indicating a true increase in disease burden not explained by over-diagnosis or reclassification (17). Esophageal adenocarcinoma and obesity Obesity is reported to be associated with an increased risk of many malignancies, including tumors of the colon, kidney, liver, thyroid, gall bladder, pancreas and endometrium (20,21). The earliest reports about a possible association between obesity and esophageal adenocarcinoma were published in the mid 1990s (22,23).
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