A substantial decrease, up to 53%, is seen in the model's verification error range. By improving the efficiency of OPC model construction, pattern coverage evaluation methods contribute favorably to the complete OPC recipe development process.
Engineering applications stand to benefit greatly from the exceptional frequency selection capabilities of frequency selective surfaces (FSSs), a cutting-edge artificial material. Employing FSS reflection, this paper describes a flexible strain sensor. This sensor can readily conform to the surface of an object and withstand deformation under mechanical load. Whenever the FSS structure undergoes a transformation, the initial operational frequency experiences a shift. Real-time monitoring of an object's strain is possible by gauging the variation in its electromagnetic properties. Within this investigation, a 314 GHz FSS sensor was created. This sensor showcases an amplitude of -35 dB and exhibits favorable resonance behavior within the Ka-band. The FSS sensor's sensing performance is remarkable, evidenced by its quality factor of 162. Strain detection within a rocket engine case by way of statics and electromagnetic simulations utilized the sensor. A 164% radial expansion of the engine case correlated to a roughly 200 MHz shift in the sensor's operating frequency. This shift exhibits a strong linear dependence on the deformation under different load conditions, permitting precise strain monitoring of the case. In this investigation, we performed a uniaxial tensile test on the FSS sensor, informed by experimental data. While the FSS was stretched from 0 to 3 mm, the sensor's sensitivity was consistently measured at 128 GHz/mm. Therefore, the high sensitivity and strong mechanical properties of the FSS sensor showcase the practical usefulness of the FSS structure described in this paper. learn more A wide array of developmental possibilities exists within this field.
Cross-phase modulation (XPM), a prevalent effect in long-haul, high-speed, dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) coherent systems, introduces extraneous nonlinear phase noise when employing a low-speed on-off-keying (OOK) optical supervisory channel (OSC), thus limiting transmission distance. This paper introduces a straightforward OSC coding approach for mitigating the nonlinear phase noise stemming from OSC. learn more By utilizing the split-step solution of the Manakov equation, the OSC signal's baseband is moved out of the walk-off term's passband, thereby leading to a reduction in the XPM phase noise spectrum density. In experimental 1280 km transmission trials of a 400G channel, the optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) budget improved by 0.96 dB, nearly matching the performance of the system without optical signal conditioning.
A recently developed Sm3+-doped La3Ga55Nb05O14 (SmLGN) crystal is numerically shown to enable highly efficient mid-infrared quasi-parametric chirped-pulse amplification (QPCPA). At a pump wavelength near 1 meter, broadband absorption of Sm3+ on idler pulses facilitates QPCPA for femtosecond signal pulses centered at 35 or 50 nanometers, achieving conversion efficiency approaching the theoretical limit. The suppression of back conversion is responsible for the exceptional robustness of mid-infrared QPCPA in the face of phase-mismatch and fluctuations in pump intensity. The SmLGN-based QPCPA will effectively convert well-established, intense laser pulses at 1 meter wavelength to mid-infrared, ultrashort pulses.
The manuscript introduces a confined-doped fiber-based narrow linewidth fiber amplifier, and investigates the amplifier's potential for power scaling and preservation of beam quality. Benefiting from both the large mode area of the confined-doped fiber and the precise control of the Yb-doped region within the core, the stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) and transverse mode instability (TMI) were efficiently balanced. Employing a combination of confined-doped fiber, near-rectangular spectral injection, and 915 nm pumping, a 1007 W signal laser is realized, showcasing a linewidth of only 128 GHz. To the best of our understanding, this outcome marks the initial demonstration exceeding the kilowatt threshold for all-fiber lasers featuring GHz-level linewidths. This achievement could serve as a valuable benchmark for the simultaneous management of spectral linewidth, the suppression of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) and thermal-management issues (TMI) in high-power, narrow-linewidth fiber lasers.
A high-performance vector torsion sensor, based on an in-fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI), is introduced. This sensor integrates a straight waveguide into the core-cladding boundary of the SMF using a single femtosecond laser inscription step. Fabrication of the in-fiber MZI, measuring 5 millimeters, takes no longer than one minute. The device's asymmetric structure results in significant polarization dependence, evident in the transmission spectrum's pronounced polarization-dependent dip. Monitoring the polarization-dependent dip in the in-fiber MZI's response to the twisting of the fiber allows for torsion sensing, as the polarization state of the input light changes accordingly. Torsion demodulation is facilitated by the dip's wavelength and intensity variations, and appropriate polarization of the incident light allows for vector torsion sensing. Torsion sensitivity, employing intensity modulation, is demonstrably high, reaching 576396 dB/(rad/mm). Dip intensity shows a negligible response to changes in strain and temperature. Furthermore, the MZI incorporated directly into the fiber retains the fiber's cladding, which upholds the structural strength of the entire fiber component.
A groundbreaking approach to 3D point cloud classification privacy and security is presented in this paper. Using an optical chaotic encryption scheme, this novel method is implemented for the first time. Spin-polarized vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (MC-SPVCSELs) with mutual coupling, exposed to double optical feedback (DOF), are examined for generating optical chaos used in the encryption of 3D point clouds with permutation and diffusion. Nonlinear dynamics and complexity results affirm that MC-SPVCSELs equipped with degrees of freedom possess high chaotic complexity and can generate a tremendously large key space. By means of the suggested scheme, the ModelNet40 dataset's 40 object categories' test sets were encrypted and decrypted, and the classification results for the original, encrypted, and decrypted 3D point clouds were exhaustively recorded using PointNet++ . The encrypted point cloud's class accuracies are, unexpectedly, overwhelmingly zero percent, except for the plant class which demonstrates one million percent accuracy. This clearly shows the encrypted point cloud's lack of classifiable or identifiable attributes. The accuracy levels of the decrypted classes closely mirror those of the original classes. Consequently, the results of the classification process demonstrate the practicality and remarkable effectiveness of the proposed privacy protection system. Subsequently, the results of encryption and decryption reveal that the encrypted point cloud images are unclear and not recognizable, while the corresponding decrypted point cloud images perfectly match the original versions. In addition, a security analysis is improved in this paper by scrutinizing the geometric features of 3D point clouds. In the end, various security analyses confirm the proposed privacy-focused strategy possesses a high security level and robust privacy protection for the task of classifying 3D point clouds.
Within a strained graphene-substrate configuration, the quantized photonic spin Hall effect (PSHE) is predicted to materialize under the impact of a sub-Tesla external magnetic field, a substantially weaker magnetic field than conventionally required for the effect within the graphene-substrate system. The investigation indicates that the in-plane and transverse spin-dependent splittings in the PSHE display varying quantized behaviors, which are strongly related to the reflection coefficients. The quantization of photo-excited states (PSHE) in graphene with a conventional substrate structure originates from real Landau level splitting, but in a strained graphene-substrate system, the quantized PSHE results from the splitting of pseudo-Landau levels due to pseudo-magnetic fields. The process is further refined by the lifting of valley degeneracy in the n=0 pseudo-Landau levels, which is triggered by the presence of a sub-Tesla external magnetic field. Simultaneously, the pseudo-Brewster angles of the system undergo quantization alongside fluctuations in Fermi energy. The sub-Tesla external magnetic field and the PSHE present as quantized peaks in the vicinity of these angles. The giant quantized PSHE is predicted to be the tool of choice for direct optical measurements on the quantized conductivities and pseudo-Landau levels within the monolayer strained graphene.
Optical communication, environmental monitoring, and intelligent recognition systems have all benefited from the significant interest in polarization-sensitive narrowband photodetection in the near-infrared (NIR) spectrum. The current narrowband spectroscopy method, however, is largely reliant on added filters or bulky spectrometers, which is contrary to the goal of achieving miniaturization within on-chip integration. Topological phenomena, including the optical Tamm state (OTS), have opened up new pathways for the development of functional photodetectors. We, to the best of our knowledge, are the first to experimentally construct a device based on the 2D material, graphene. learn more We showcase polarization-sensitive, narrowband infrared photodetection in OTS-coupled graphene devices, the design of which is based on the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. Devices display a narrowband response at NIR wavelengths, attributed to the tunable Tamm state's influence. The response peak's full width at half maximum (FWHM) is currently 100nm, but potentially improving it to an ultra-narrow width of 10nm is possible by adjusting the periods of the dielectric distributed Bragg reflector (DBR).
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