PubMed 21. Minta JO, Pambrun L: In vitro induction of cytologic and functional differentiation of the immature human monocytelike
cell line U-937 with phorbol myristate selleck chemical acetate. Am J Pathol 1985, 119:111–126.PubMed 22. Loprasert S, Sallabhan R, Whangsuk W, Mongkolsuk S: The Burkholderia pseudomallei oxyR gene: expression analysis and mutant characterization. Gene 2002, 296:161–169.PubMedCrossRef 23. Callewaert L, Aertsen A, Deckers D, Vanoirbeek KG, Vanderkelen L, Van Herreweghe JM, Masschalck B, Nakimbugwe D, Robben J, Michiels CW: A new family of lysozyme Nec-1s cost inhibitors contributing to lysozyme tolerance in gram-negative bacteria. PLoS Pathog 2008, 4:e1000019.PubMedCrossRef 24. Jones AL, Beveridge TJ, SU5402 Woods DE: Intracellular survival of Burkholderia pseudomallei . Infect Immun 1996, 64:782–790.PubMed 25. den Hertog AL, van Marle J, van Veen HA, Van’t Hof W, Bolscher JG, Veerman EC, Nieuw Amerongen AV: Candidacidal effects of two antimicrobial peptides: histatin 5 causes small membrane defects, but
LL-37 causes massive disruption of the cell membrane. Biochem J 2005, 388:689–695.PubMedCrossRef 26. Benjamini Y, Hochberg Y: Controlling the false discovery rate: practical and powerful approach to multiple testing. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B (Methodological) 1995, 57:28. Authors’ contributions ST carried out the experiments and data analysis. AT isolated and maintained isogenic morphotypes. DL participated in statistical analysis. SK and ND provided materials and intellectual comments. SJP participated in the design of the study, and
assisted in the writing of the manuscript. NC participated in the design of the study, data analysis and coordination and writing of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.”
“Background Campylobacter jejuni is now well established as the leading cause of bacterial food-borne gastroenteritis worldwide [1, 2]. Infection symptoms vary in severity and may include nausea, severe or bloody diarrhea, abdominal cramping and fever [3]. C. jejuni infection is usually self-limiting, but in some cases may progress to the debilitating, polyneuropathic disorders Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) or the oculomotor variant Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS) [4, 5]. Astemizole Importantly, C. jejuni is the commonest antecedent infection in these neuropathies and expression of carbohydrate epitopes mimicking host gangliosides is considered a prerequisite for neuropathy development since such mimicry can induce pathogenic, cross-reactive antibodies [6, 7]. Gangliosides are glycosphingolipids occurring in high concentration in the peripheral nervous system, particularly in the nerve axon [8]. A humoural response against these glycolipids (e.g. anti-GM1, GM1b, GD1a, GalNAc-GD1a GT1a and GQ1b antibodies) plays a central role in GBS and MFS development [6, 7]. Mimicry of the saccharide component of gangliosides within the outer core of C.
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