Repeated thermal recycling of the TPE demonstrates an excellent reprocessing capability, affording environmentally friendly TPEs using commercially available resources. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Despite extensive research efforts to characterize peripheral regulatory T (T-reg) cells expressing transcription BKM120 factor Foxp3, their subset complexity, phenotypic characteristics, TCR repertoire and Ag specificities remain
ambiguous. In this study, we identify and define two subsets of peripheral T-reg cells differing in Foxp3 expression level and TCR repertoires. T-reg cells expressing a high level of Foxp3 and TCRs not used by naive CD4(+) T cells present a stable suppressor phenotype and dominate the peripheral T-reg population in unmanipulated mice. The second T-reg subset,
expressing a lower level of Foxp3 and using TCRs shared with naive CD4(+) T cells constitutes a small fraction of all T-reg cells in unmanipulated mice and enriches T-reg population with the same Ag specificities HIF inhibitor as expressed by activated/effector T cells. This T-reg subset undergoes extensive expansion during response to Ag when it becomes a major population of Ag-specific T-reg cells. Thus, T-reg cells expressing TCRs shared with naive CD4(+) T cells have a flexible phenotype and may down-regulate Foxp3 expression which may restore immune balance at the conclusion of immune response or convert these cells to effector T cells producing inflammatory cytokines. The Journal of Immunology, learn more 2009, 183: 3118-3129.”
“Despite
significant treatment advances over the past decade, metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) remains largely incurable. Rare diseases, such as GIST, individually affect small groups of patients but collectively are estimated to affect 25 to 30 million people in the United States alone. Given the costs associated with the discovery, development, and registration of new drugs, orphan diseases such as GIST are often not pursued by mainstream pharmaceutical companies. As a result, “drug repurposing” or “repositioning,” has emerged as an alternative to the traditional drug development process. In this study, we screened 796 U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs and found that two of these compounds, auranofin (Ridaura) and fludarabine phosphate, effectively and selectively inhibited the proliferation of GISTs, including imatinib-resistant cells. One of the most notable drug hits, auranofin, an oral, gold-containing agent approved by the FDA in 1985 for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, was found to inhibit thioredoxin reductase activity and induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, leading to dramatic inhibition of GIST cell growth and viability.
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