Subsequent to these reviews, there have been 11 additional studies of ICHD-II-defined episodic tension-type headache.[1, 21, 23, 24, 26, 28-32, 37] The prevalence rates range from 10.8%[22] to 37.3%,[32] with a weighted average of 13%. The wide range of estimates suggests that the rates are sensitive to cross-study methodological differences, particularly interview vs questionnaire data, and thresholds for defining impairment attributable to headaches. Estimates of the prevalence of chronic tension-type headache are substantially lower, with an average 12-month Smad inhibitor prevalence rate of 2.4% and a range
from 0.6-3.3%. There have been surprisingly few direct in-person interview studies of the prevalence of migraine in the U.S., even in regional studies. Table 1 summarizes the nationally representative community studies of the U.S. that have provided information on the prevalence and impact of migraine during the past decade. The 3 sources of studies that provide prevalence information include: (1) studies that were specifically designed to investigate migraine and other
headaches;[35, 47, 48] (2) studies of nationally representative[49, 50] and regional samples[51, 52] that have primarily focused on the epidemiology of mental disorders and their comorbidity with migraine; and (3) studies that have included questions regarding migraine or other headaches in national health surveys.[54, 55] The largest and most targeted studies are the series of American Migraine Studies by Lipton and colleagues that have been designed and implemented by headache experts in the Selleckchem HM781-36B U.S.[35, 47, 48] This series of studies was based on mail surveys of MCE公司 a very large sample of households representative of the U.S. population in 1989, 1999 (eg, American Migraine Studies I and II), and 2004 (ie, the American Migraine Prevalence and Prevention Study; AMPP).[35] The rates
of migraine were quite stable across the 2 decades spanned by these studies. The 12-month prevalence of migraine based on ICHD-II criteria was 11.7% in the AMPP. As described later, these studies have provided valuable data on the magnitude, impact, and treatment patterns of migraine and other primary headaches in the U.S. The second source of U.S. prevalence data on migraine is derived from studies that focused on comorbidity of mental disorders and migraine and other chronic conditions. The only nationally representative sample from this series is the National Comorbidity Survey Replication,[49, 50] which included direct interviews from U.S. households that collected ICHD-II criteria for migraine.[49] The 12-month prevalence rate of migraine in adults in this study was 4.3%. This rate is substantially lower than those of studies that focused on migraine and other health conditions as the primary goal. Two earlier regional population samples in the U.
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