The authors’ purpose was to prospectively evaluate the effect of

The authors’ purpose was to prospectively evaluate the effect of body mass index on patient satisfaction with breast reconstruction.\n\nMethods: Women undergoing first-time breast reconstruction at one of 12 centers in the United States and Canada were surveyed preoperatively and at postoperative year 1. Satisfaction was evaluated with two scales assessing general and aesthetic satisfaction. Using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria, patients were classified 3-Methyladenine ic50 as normal weight, overweight,

or obese. Logistic regressions evaluated the effects of body mass index on patient satisfaction with expander/implant, pedicled transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (TRAM) flap, and free TRAM flap techniques while controlling for patient Napabucasin age and timing of reconstruction.\n\nResults: Data were available for a total of 262 patients. Patient body mass index had a

significant effect on aesthetic satisfaction, particularly among patients undergoing expander/implant procedures. Compared with normal weight individuals, obese patients with expander/implants were significantly less satisfied aesthetically (odds ratio, 0.14, p = 0.02). However, there was no significant difference between obese and normal weight patients in aesthetic satisfaction with TRAM flap reconstruction. Finally, body mass index had no significant effects on general satisfaction for either expander/implant or TRAM flap technique.\n\nConclusion: Although previous investigators have reported relatively high complication rates and modest aesthetic results for breast reconstruction in overweight and obese women, the authors’ study suggests selleck inhibitor that patient satisfaction with reconstruction is surprisingly high in this population, particularly in cases of autogenous tissue reconstruction.”
“We describe a new species of Proceratophrys, allied to P. schirchi, from the northern sector of the Espinhaco mountain range, within a semiarid region in central State of Bahia known as Chapada Diamantina. The new species inhabits seasonal semi-deciduous forests (usually known as dry forests) that cover the mountainous relief of the Serra de Jacobina,

a regional designation of the Espinhaco mountain range in northeastern Brazil. Proceratophrys minuta sp. nov. most resembles P. schirchi by combination of small palpebral appendages, general external morphology, and by its restriction to Atlantic Forest remnants. It is diagnosed from all congeners by the combination of small body size (snout-vent length, males 20.4-25.2 mm, females 28.3-31.9 mm), absence of rostral appendage, short palpebral appendages with the central prominent, dorsum adorned with sinuous longitudinal ridges outlining a spear-shaped ornamentation like a hastate-shaped leaf (with flaring pointed lobes at eyes and spear point at urostile), and other six morphological characteristics. We also describe the tadpole of P. minuta sp. nov.

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