The chemical reduction was conducted at 20°C, 40°C, 60°C, and 80°C. The solution turned dark reddish brown immediately after adding the reductant, which indicated the Ag NP formation. Size-exclusion chromatography SEC analysis was carried out by using a multi-detection https://www.selleckchem.com/MEK.html device consisting of a LC-10 AD Shimadzu pump (throughput 0.5 mL min−1; Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan), an automatic injector WISP 717+ from Waters (Milford, p38 MAPK pathway MA, USA), three coupled 30-cm Shodex OH-pak columns (803HQ, 804HQ, and 806HQ; Munich, Germany), a multi-angle light scattering detector DAWN F from Wyatt Technology (Dernbach, Germany), and a differential refractometer R410 from Waters.
Distilled water containing 0.1 M NaNO3 was used as eluent. Dilute polymer solutions (c = 3 g L−1 < c* = 1 / [η]) were prepared, allowing for neglect of intermolecular correlations in Vorinostat cell line the analysis of light scattering measurements. Potentiometric titration Potentiometric titration of polyelectrolyte samples was performed using a pH meter pH-340 (Econix Express, St. Petersburg, Russia). HСl (0.2 N) and NaOH (0.2 N) were used as titrants. Polymer concentration was 2 g L−1. The polymer solutions were titrated with HCl up to pH 2 and then with NaOH up to pH 12. Previously, a fine blank titration (titration of non-hydrolyzed polymer) was made. The absorption of OH− anions was calculated through the
analysis of the titration curves and then the limits of these values were used to determine the conversion degree (А) of amide groups into carboxylate ones. All measurements were performed at T = 25.0°C under nitrogen. Viscosimetry Viscosity measurements were performed at 25.0°C ± 0.1°C using an Ostwald-type viscometer. All polymers were dissolved in distilled water without added salt. The pH of the polyelectrolyte solutions were in the range 7.8 < pH < 8.2. Transmission electron microscopy The identification of Ag NPs and their size analysis were carried out using high-resolution
transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A Philips CM 12 (Amsterdam, Netherlands) microscope with an acceleration voltage of 120 kV was heptaminol used. The samples were prepared by spraying silver sols onto carbon-coated copper grids and then analyzed. UV-vis spectroscopy UV-vis spectra of silver sols were recorded by Varian Cary 50 scan UV-visible spectrophotometer (Palo Alto, CA, USA) in the range from 190 to 1,100 nm (in 2-nm intervals). Original silver sols were diluted 50 times before spectral measurements. Results and discussion The main molecular characteristics of linear and branched polymers are reported in Table 1. Dextran content in D70-g-PAA5 and D70-g-PAA20 copolymers is less than 5%, suggesting that copolymers actually form star-like polymers with a dextran core and PAA arms [26]. Surprisingly, the values of the z-average radius of gyration, R z , are almost identical for both branched D70-PAA20 polymers and linear PAA macromolecules of equivalent molecular weights.
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