The random effects consisted of patient-specific intercepts and s

The variance of the random intercept, D(1,1), represented the degree of variability of patients’ www.selleckchem.com/products/CP-673451.html Cognitive impairment at baseline, while the variance of the random slope, D(2,2), indicated whether response to management over time was similar (small) or variable (large) between patients. The covariance (correlation) between the patient-specific intercept and slope indicated PF-02341066 cost whether the evolution of patients’ cognitive impairment over time was related to their

condition at baseline. Higher order (quadratic and cubic) models were considered at both the fixed- and random-effects level and Akaike’s information criteria (AIC) indicated that the linear model was acceptable (Table 3) [30]. Fig. 2 LOESS line plots of cognitive outcomes

over time by randomly selected MGCD0103 cell line patients and diagnosis groups: a patient-level evolution of MMSE, b average evolution of MMSE by diagnosis group, c patient-level evolution of MoCA, and d average evolution of MoCA by diagnosis group. AD Alzheimer’s disease, MMSE Mini-Mental State Examination, MoCA Montreal Cognitive Assessment, svCVD small vessel cerebrovascular disease Table 3 Univariable and multivariable analyses of cognitive outcomes based on MMSE and MoCA Models   MMSE MoCA Estimate (SD) p value Estimate (SD) p value Base model  Intercept  

20.33 (0.45) <0.0001 19.83 (0.51) <0.0001  Pure AD   2.36 (1.03) 0.0226 1.85 (1.12) 0.0999  FDur (months)   −0.04 (0.01) 0.0101 −0.04 (0.02) 0.0168  PureAD × FDur   −0.03 (0.03) 0.2160 −0.02 (0.03) 0.5409  D11   24.60 (3.07) <0.0001 21.53 (3.52) <0.0001  D12   0.12 (0.07) 0.0977 −0.02 (0.10) 0.8532  D22   0.01 (0.00) <0.0001 0.01 (0.00) 0.0042  Residual variance   5.74 (0.33) <0.0001 5.52 (0.45) <0.0001 Univariable models  Age   −0.08 (0.05) 0.1227 −0.08 (0.06) 0.1318  Female   −2.51 (0.80) 0.0018 −1.99 (0.85) 0.0206  Chinese   −1.13 (0.99) 0.2505 0.19 (1.05) 0.8597  Years of education   0.39 (0.08) <.0001 0.21 (0.10) 0.0294  Diabetes mellitus   −0.67 (0.91) 0.4606 −0.62 (1.02) 0.5426  Hypertension   −0.09 (0.83) 0.9153 0.03 (0.90) 0.9720  Hyperlipidemia Dimethyl sulfoxide   0.63 (0.83) 0.4460 0.99 (0.92) 0.2847  Medicationsa Donepezil 0.06 (0.47) 0.9018 −0.27 (0.66) 0.6877   Galantamine 0.08 (0.67) 0.9096 0.93 (0.98) 0.3415   Memantine −1.58 (0.71) 0.0266 −0.88 (1.20) 0.4624   Rivastigmine – – –   Duration of treatment   0.01 (0.01) 0.4651 −0.01 (0.02) 0.5022 Baseline MoCA|MMSE   0.68 (0.05) <0.0001 0.84 (0.06) <0.0001 Baseline GDS   0.08 (0.18) 0.6693 0.03 (0.21) 0.886 Multivariable models  Intercept   18.04 (0.63) <0.0001 18.33 (0.84) <0.0001  Pure AD   1.48 (1.04) 0.1561 1.64 (1.11) 0.1396  FDur (months)   −0.04 (0.01) 0.0069 −0.04 (0.02) 0.0189  Pure AD × FDur   −0.03 (0.03) 0.2461 −0.02 (0.03) 0.

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