This type of thinking is naive. It is likely that all of the different executive processes, as well as speed of processing, decline with age and collectively contribute to difficulties in reasoning, memory, and other higher order cognitive functions. Park et al12 examined the joint contributions of speed and working memory to long-term memory function across the life span using structural equation models, and showed that both were important in explaining long-term memory function. This study thus verifies that global mechanisms like speed, as well as specific mechanisms like working memory, are fundamental in explaining variance in higher-order cognitive function. Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical In a later
study, Park et al13 reiterated this finding for both visiospatial and verbal working and long-term memory. It is also important to recognize that these mechanisms may not all decline at the same rate within subjects
and that deterioration of different mechanisms might be controlling Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical similar levels of decline in different individuals. Cognitive aging researchers have devoted relatively little attention to Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical understanding how the different mechanisms work separately or together in specific individuals to explain declines in cognitive function, and this is an important direction for future research. Other important behavioral issues Three other important issues with respect to behavioral changes in cognitive performance with age relate to rates of change across
the life span, spared cognitive processes, and the potential to improve cognitive function. Decline Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical is continuous across the life span Besides demonstrating that knowledge may increase with age while performance on processing-intensive tasks decreases, Figure 1 also illustrates one poorly understood and little-recognized phenomenon of some importance: both cross-sectional and longitudinal data suggest that decline is relatively continuous across the life span, Venetoclax chemical structure beginning in young adulthood. We believe that symptoms of cognitive decline that begin occurring in the second decade of life become more noticeable in late adulthood only because they have Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical accrued to the point where they result in noticeable declines in function.27 As a crude metaphor, consider that an individual Mannose-binding protein-associated serine protease with a million dollars probably would not be very concerned initially about the loss of $2000 per year, but would be much more likely to notice and worry 50 years later when $100 000 in losses had accrued. So it seems to be with cognitive aging. It is also important to consider that losses of executive function and long-term memory in middle-aged adults may not be too apparent to the individual because they are offset by increases in expertise and skill. Little is understood about the interplay among increasing knowledge and declining executive function and memory across the life span. This is a tremendously important issue that we will have more to say about later.
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