Two cohorts of women were included: 33,731 diagnosed with breast cancer between 2000 and 2002, who had >= 36 months of Medicare eligibility prior to cancer, the event of interest; and 101,649 without cancer meeting the same Medicare eligibility criterion. Cancer patients were followed from 36 months before cancer diagnosis (prevalence period) up to 3 months after diagnosis (incidence period). Non-cancer patients were followed for up to 39 months after the beginning of Medicare eligibility. A sham date was inserted after 36 months to separate the prevalence and incidence periods. Using 36
months as the gold standard, the prevalence period was then shortened selleck chemicals in 6-month increments to examine the impact on the number of conditions first detected during the incidence period.
Results: In the breast cancer cohort, shortening the prevalence period from 36 to 6 months increased the incidence rates (per 1,000 patients) of all conditions;
for example: hypertension 196 to 243; diabetes 34 to 76; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 29 to this website 46; osteoarthritis 27 to 36; congestive heart failure 20 to 36; osteoporosis 22 to 29; and cerebrovascular disease 13 to 21. Shortening the prevalence period has less impact on those without cancer.
Conclusions: Selecting a short prevalence period to rule out pre-existing conditions see more can, through misclassification, substantially inflate estimates of incident conditions. In incidence studies based on Medicare claims, selecting a prevalence period of >= 24 months balances the need to exclude pre-existing conditions with retaining the largest possible cohort.”
“Objective.
To ascertain whether a small sample of patients with chronic pelvic pain experienced any pain-related cognitions in the form of mental images.
Patients. Ten women with chronic pelvic pain consecutively referred from a tertiary referral center by the physicians in charge of their treatment.
Outcome measures. An interview was used to determine the presence, emotional valence, content, and impact of cognitions about pain in the form of Inventory (BPI), Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), Spontaneous Use of Imagery Scale (SUIS), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were completed.
Results. In a population of patients with a prolonged duration of pain and high distress, all patients reported experiencing cognitions about pain in the form of mental images. For each patient, the most significant image was both negative in valence and intrusive. The associated emotional-behavioral pattern could be described within a cognitive behavioral therapy framework. Eight patients also reported coping imagery.
Conclusion. Negative pain-related cognitions in the form of intrusive mental imagery were reported by women with chronic pelvic pain.
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