While amorphous carbons were formed on CaF2 and BaF2, nanocrystalline graphite of good crystallinity
was formed on MgF2 despite the strong bonding between carbon and fluorine. In comparison to similar studies on MgO, the effect of the substrate anion on the quality of NCG contradicts the expectation based on the bond strength between carbon and the anion. Further systematic studies and theoretical investigations are encouraged to understand the carbon growth mechanism by MBE. Acknowledgments This research was supported by the Priority Research Centers Program (2012–0005859), the Basic Science Research Program (2012–0007298, 2012–040278), the Center for Topological Matter in POSTECH (2012–0009194), and the Nanomaterial Technology Development Program (2012M3A7B4049888) through Crizotinib research buy the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST). References 1. Kim KS, Zhao Y, Jang H, Lee SY, Kim JM, Kim KS, Ahn J-H, Kim P, Choi J-Y, Hong BH: Large-scale pattern growth of graphene films for stretchable transparent electrodes. Nature 2009, 457:706–710.CrossRef 2. Li X, Cai W, An J, Kim S, Nah J, Yang D, Piner R, Velamakanni A, Jung CAL-101 order I, Tutuc E, Banerjee SK, Colombo
L, Ruoff RS: Large-area synthesis of high-quality and uniform graphene films on copper foils. Science 2009, 324:1312–1314.CrossRef 3. Su CY, Lu AY, Wu CY, Li YT, Liu KK, Zhang W, Lin SY, Juang ZY, Zhong YL, Chen FR, Li LJ: Direct formation of wafer scale graphene thin layers on insulating substrates by chemical vapor deposition. Nano Lett 2011, 11:3612–3616.CrossRef 4. Scott A, Dianat A, Borrnert F, Bachmatiuk A, Zhang SS, Warner JH, Borowiak-Palen
E, Knupfer M, Buchner B, Cuniberti G, Rummeli MH: The catalytic potential of high-kappa dielectrics for graphene formation. Appl Phys Lett 2011, 98:073110.CrossRef 5. Kidambi PR, Bayer BC, Weatherup RS, Ochs R, Ducati C, Szabó DV, Hofmann S: Hafnia nanoparticles – a model system for graphene growth on a dielectric. Phys Status Solidi Rapid Res Lett 2011, see more 5:341–343.CrossRef 6. Song HJ, Son M, Park C, Lim H, Levendorf MP, Tsen AW, Park J, Choi HC: Large scale metal-free synthesis of graphene on sapphire and transfer-free device fabrication. Nanoscale 2012, 4:3050–3054.CrossRef 7. Bi H, Sun SR, Huang FQ, Xie XM, Jiang MH: Direct growth of few-layer graphene films on SiO2 substrates and their photovoltaic applications. J Mater Chem 2012, 22:411–416.CrossRef 8. Medina H, Lin YC, Jin CH, Lu CC, Yeh CH, Huang KP, Suenaga K, Robertson J, Chiu PW: Metal-free growth of nanographene on silicon oxides for transparent conducting applications. Adv Funct Mater 2012, 22:2123–2128.CrossRef 9. Vlassiouk I, Regmi M, Fulvio PF, Dai S, Datskos P, Eres G, Smirnov S: Role of hydrogen in chemical vapor deposition growth of large single-crystal graphene. ACS Nano 2011, 5:6069–6076.CrossRef 10.
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