135,136 Finally, Obeticholic Acid cell line studies tend to suggest that not only HCC but also cholangiocarcinoma might occur in those with either NAFLD or MS.140–142 While such findings may result in more liberal use of screening policies to implement an early diagnosis of primary liver cancer when the disease is radically curable, it should be kept in mind that the incidence of HCC is quite low in non-cirrhotic NAFLD, which represents a very high proportion of
the general population. Therefore, markers identifying those individuals at a high risk of HCC are necessary. WE HAVE REPORTED on the pathways leading from fatty liver to T2D and return from T2D to progressive liver damage, hence the definition of a “vicious circle” (Fig. 3). Fatty liver is a major determinant in the development of T2D in predisposed individuals. However, once T2D is fully developed, not only will it further contribute to steatogenesis, but also contribute to progressive liver damage including NASH, fibrosis, cirrhosis and possibly to HCC in a subset of patients. On these grounds, diagnostic and
early therapeutic interventions are warranted in treating NASH patients at risk for developing T2D, as well as to prevent, or make an early diagnosis of, progressive liver disease in those with T2D. “
“Recently, it has been suggested that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in some cytokine genes may influence 上海皓元医药股份有限公司 the production of the associated cytokines that affect the this website host immune response to pegylated interferon-α (Peg-IFN-α) with ribavirin (RBV) in hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients. The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible role of the SNPs of IL-10 and Il-28B and their serum levels in predicting the response to
treatment of HCV-4. Egyptian patients were treated with Peg-IFN-α/RBV. A total of 100 HCV genotype 4-infected patients and 80 healthy control subjects were included in the present study. SNPs in the IL-10 (-592 A/C and -819 T/C) and IL-28B (rs8099917 T/G and rs12979860 C/T) genes and their serum levels were assessed. The IL-10-592-CC, IL-28-rs8099917-TT and IL-28-rs12979860-CC genotypes were significantly higher in responders than in non-responders. Interestingly, the serum levels of IL-10 were significantly increased; in contrast, the serum levels of Il-28B were significantly decreased in HCV patients compared with normal patients. Polymorphisms in IL-28B are more sensitive (P < 0.001) than those in IL-10-592 (P = 0.03). However, the serum level of IL-10 is higher than that of IL-28, and this difference can serve as a prognostic marker using a receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis. It can be concluded that SNPs in IL-28B and the serum levels of Il-10 and IL-28 may be promising predictors for HCV therapy.
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