17 In HCC patients, we found increased serum LPA in those with a worse clinical outcome, as also suggested by an analysis of publicly accessible microarray data13 and by Wang (Personal Communication; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gds?term=gse14520). Our findings are further confirmed by
previous work reporting increased levels of LPA in tissues, bile, and serum and in more advanced stages of disease.13, 18 Finally, we also demonstrate that LPA receptors are mainly expressed in stroma rather than epithelium of HCC; consistent with our experimental data, the ACTA2 gene was also more strongly selleck chemical expressed in tumoral tissues than in paired peritumoral tissues. This is supported by analysis of the publicly see more accessible microarray data from Wang (Personal Communication, http://www.ncbi.nlm. nih.gov/gds?term=gse14520). These data recapitulate those proposed in an in vivo model of breast cancer.19 In conclusion, our results indicate that LPA plays a central role in orchestrating the cross-talk between HCC cells and resident stromal fibroblasts, and that this promotes HCC progression. We thank Mary V. Pragnell for language revision and A. Mascolo
for technical contributions. Additional Supporting Information may be found in the online version of this article. “
“Oxidative stress plays an important role in hepatocarcinogenesis of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related chronic liver diseases. Despite the evidence Cytidine deaminase of an increased proportion of females among elderly patients with HCV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), it remains unknown whether HCV augments hepatic oxidative stress in postmenopausal
women. The aim of this study was to determine whether oxidative stress was augmented in ovariectomized (OVX) transgenic mice expressing the HCV polyprotein and to investigate its underlying mechanisms. OVX and sham-operated female transgenic mice expressing the HCV polyprotein and non-transgenic littermates were assessed for the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), expression of inflammatory cytokines and antioxidant potential in the liver. Compared with OVX non-transgenic mice, OVX transgenic mice showed marked hepatic steatosis and ROS production without increased induction of inflammatory cytokines, but there was no increase in ROS-detoxifying enzymes such as superoxide dismutase 2 and glutathione peroxidase 1. In accordance with these results, OVX transgenic mice showed less activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ co-activator-1α (PGC-1α), which is required for the induction of ROS-detoxifying enzymes, and no activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase-α (AMPKα), which regulates the activity of PGC-1α. Our study demonstrated that hepatic oxidative stress was augmented in OVX transgenic mice expressing the HCV polyprotein by attenuation of antioxidant potential through inhibition of AMPK/PGC-1α signaling.
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