2.1.23) has been detected in several plant species, and is characterized in different organs and tissues by its ability to hydrolyse terminal non-reducing G418 beta-D-galactosyl residues from beta-D-galactoside polymers. In the present paper the cloning and the biochemical and molecular characterization of Coffea arabica beta-galactosidase expressed in the pericarp and the endosperm of coffee fruits in all phases of ripeness are described. It was found that coffee beta-galactosidase is not evenly transcribed throughout fruit ripening, oscillating with two distinct peaks: the first peak when immature fruits are at the active growing stage and the second when fully developed coffee fruits are completely
ripe. Both in vitro enzymatic activity of coffee fruit protein extracts and in vivo A-1331852 in vivo histochemical assay of freshly harvested coffee fruits confirmed the uneven transcription of beta-galactosidase as fruit maturation advanced. Partial genomic DNA sequencing indicated a complex arrangement of nine putative exons. In silico translation of the cloned coding sequences clearly revealed the cloned gene as beta-galactosidase, with the presence of a signal peptide directing the enzyme to the apoplast.
Two isoforms were distinguished by sequencing reverse transcription-PCR transcripts, one expressed in young and adult leaves and another in stems, petals, and coffee fruit endosperm and pericarp. Southern blot analysis indicates that there are at least two copies of this gene in the C. arabica genome that could explain the presence of two beta-galactosidase isoforms.”
“To optimize the hydrolysis conditions to prepare hydrolysates of jellyfish umbrella collagen with the highest hydroxyl radical scavenging activity,
collagen extracted from jellyfish umbrella was hydrolyzed with trypsin, and response surface methodology (RSM) was applied. The optimum conditions obtained from experiments click here were pH 7.75, temperature (T) 48.77 A degrees C, and enzyme-to-substrate ratio ([E]/[S]) 3.50%. The analysis of variance in RSM showed that pH and [E]/[S] were important factors that significantly affected the process (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). The hydrolysates of jellyfish umbrella collagen were fractionated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and three fractions (HF-1 > 3000 Da, 1000 Da < HF-2 < 3000 Da, and HF-3 < 1000 Da) were collected. The HF-2 fraction had the highest hydroxyl radical scavenging activity with the highest yield compared with the other two fractions. Furthermore, HF-2 also showed the strongest Cu(2+)-chelating ability and the best tyrosinase-inhibitory activity.”
“Desai CS, Gruessner AC, Khan KM, Fishbein TM, Jie T, Rodriguez Rilo HL, Gruessner RWG. Isolated intestinal transplants vs. liver-intestinal transplants in adult patients in the United States: 22 yr of OPTN data. Abstract: We examined the outcomes of adult intestinal transplants (ITx); isolated ITx vs.
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