Conclusions The ACLT variant of the surgical instability model in rabbits is a reproducible and effective model of OA. The cartilage lesions in this model and their response to therapy can be graded according to an adapted histological and histochemical grading system, though also this system is to some extent subjective and, thus, neither objective nor entirely reproducible (C) 2010 Osteoarthritis Research Society International
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“Background and aimsTo reconcile an inconsistency in the disordered gambling literature by revisiting a previous study that claimed to find evidence for large gender differences in the magnitude of genetic and environmental influences.
DesignUnivariate structural equation twin models were fitted to decompose the variation in gambling behavior into additive
genetic, shared environmental P5091 mouse and unique Selleck RAD001 environmental influences.
SettingUnited States.
ParticipantsParticipants were 1196 same-sex and unlike-sex twins (18-28 years of age, 49% male, 51% female) from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health).
MeasurementsEight questions about normative and problematic gambling involvement were assessed by in-person interview. Although disordered gambling symptoms were assessed, the number of individuals who were administered these questions precluded twin analysis, including analysis of potential gender differences. Of the eight questions, only three were deemed usable for twin analysisthese were all questions about normative gambling involvement.
FindingsIndividual differences in (non-disordered)
gambling involvement were explained completely by family [C=38% (30-46%)] and unique environmental factors [E=62% (54-70%)]. There was no evidence for genetic factors (A=0), nor was there evidence for sex differences ((2)=1.23, d.f.=2, P=0.54).
ConclusionsThere appears to be no evidence for gender differences in the genetic contributions to disordered gambling. Family environment appears to play a significant selleck screening library role in explaining individual differences in (non-disordered) gambling involvement among emerging adults.”
“Aim: Most commercially available defibrillators utilise a high tilt waveform. Work in atrial fibrillation has shown improved defibrillation success using low tilt waveforms. We hypothesise that a novel low tilt biphasic waveform will be non-inferior to a standard tilt waveform whilst delivering lower energy for the defibrillation of ventricular arrhythmias.
Methods: Patients in cardiac arrest who experienced ventricular arrhythmias received shocks from a novel low tilt waveform defibrillator at 120J or a standard tilt waveform defibrillator at 150J. Resuscitation guidelines were followed as per Resuscitation Council UK, 2005. A shock was successful when the ventricular arrhythmia was terminated for >= 5 s following shock delivery.
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