A Turkish study compared the basal serum levels of nitric oxide in type 2 diabetes sellckchem mellitus patients with different stages of diabetic retinopathy and compared them with the levels in non-diabetics using Griess reaction. The patients with type 2 diabetes had significantly higher levels of serum NOx than the non-diabetics.[20] A Turkish study on micro- and normo-albuminuric type 2 diabetics and healthy controls found that serum and urine NO levels were higher in both micro-albuminurics and normo-albuminurics than controls in early diabetes.[21] A Japanese study showed that plasma NOx levels were significantly higher in diabetics than in controls, when measured by high-performance liquid chromatography with the Griess method.
[22] In a Karachi study, a nonsignificant increase was observed in the levels of nitric oxide metabolites in diabetic patients as compared to non-diabetics, but diabetic patients with hypertension showed significantly higher levels as compared to controls, but the levels were not significantly different in patients with and without hypertension.[23] In an Iranian study, NOx was measured in adults using the Griess reaction, which was significantly higher in subjects with type 2 diabetes, supporting the existing hypothesis that NO overproduction affects insulin’s metabolic actions.[24] Brussels study was conducted to correlate the serum level of NO in patients with acute coronary syndromes in relation to the presence or absence of diabetes mellitus. Before any therapeutic intervention, arterial blood samples were withdrawn to assess the serum NO metabolites level by the Griess reaction.
Compared with the control group, patients with acute ischemic syndromes had a significantly lower level of serum NO metabolites, without any significant difference between diabetic and non-diabetic patients.[25] A study at Karachi aimed to find the correlation between glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and NO anomalies in coexisting diabetes and hypertension found that FBG and HbA1c levels were significantly high, whereas serum NO level was significantly low in diabetic normotensive and diabetic hypertensive patients as compared to controls. A significant negative correlation was found between serum nitric oxide and serum glucose and HbA1c levels in diabetic hypertensive patients, suggesting that HbA1c can critically contribute to anomalies of NO metabolism or vice versa.
[26] Researchers in Taiwan assessed the NO levels in aqueous humor and plasma using the chemiluminescence assay and observed no significant differences between any of the diabetic subgroups Entinostat in the plasma NO levels.[27] Prospective studies have established that reduction in NO bioavailability is a predictor of dyslipidemia as it is an endogenous anti-atherosclerotic molecule.
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