Although the startle eye blink is already present at birth, some relevant neuronal structures are not fully mature. We therefore investigated the relationship between prenatal maturation and perinatal stress experience on startle eye blink and PPI. Eye blinks were evoked by unilaterally presented acoustic broadband white noise (50 ms, 95 dB, prepulse 75 dB). Startle response magnitude and percent PPI were calculated for ipsilateral and contralateral side of stimulation.
Neonates exhibited stronger startle responses ipsilaterally than contralaterally, and a significant PPI. Neonates with more prenatal growth and less perinatal stress had greater startle magnitudes. Neonates with more stress had more PPI contralaterally. this website Results suggest that startle eye blinks may be useful as indicators of prenatal maturation and perinatal stress.”
“The startle reflex is modulated during processing of pleasant and unpleasant affective cues. One explanation of this finding contends that approach and withdrawal motivational processes JPH203 purchase are key to explaining the effect. Undergraduates performed arm flexion and arm extension actions shown elsewhere to reliably elicit approach and withdrawal motives, respectively. Results showed that arm extension (a withdrawal action) was associated with the largest startles, followed by a neutral control action and arm flexion (an approach
action). This pattern was not see more attributable to the subjective pleasantness or muscular effort associated with the
actions. Results support motivational priming accounts of startle reflex modulation.”
“Most midlife women have hot flashes. The conventional criterion (>= 2 mu mho rise/30 s) for classifying hot flashes physiologically has shown poor performance. We improved this performance in the laboratory with Support Vector Machines (SVMs), a pattern classification method. We aimed to compare conventional to SVM methods to classify hot flashes in the ambulatory setting. Thirty-one women with hot flashes underwent 24 h of ambulatory sternal skin conductance monitoring. Hot flashes were quantified with conventional (>= 2 mu mho/30 s) and SVM methods. Conventional methods had low sensitivity (sensitivity=.57, specificity=.98, positive predictive value (PPV)=.91, negative predictive value (NPV)=.90, F1=.60), with performance lower with higher body mass index (BMI). SVMs improved this performance (sensitivity=.87, specificity=.97, PPV=.90, NPV=.96, F1=.88) and reduced BMI variation. SVMs can improve ambulatory physiologic hot flash measures.”
“Few studies have examined the association between cognitive ability and cardiovascular reactivity, although both have been implicated in later cardiovascular disease. We studied the relationship between cognitive ability, assessed using the Alice Heim-4 test of general intelligence, simple reaction time, and subsequent cardiovascular reactivity in 409 55-year-olds.
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