Fleming, Ann Wilson Frederick, Joseph Gone, Diana Gurley, Lori L. Jervis, Shirlene M. Jim, Carol E. Kaufman, Ellen M. Keane, Suzell A. Klein, Denise Lee, selleck chem inhibitor Monica C. McNulty, Denise L. Middlebrook, Laurie A. Moore, Tilda D. Nez, Ilena M. Norton, Douglas K. Novins, Theresa O��Nell, Heather D. Orton, Carlette J. Randall, Angela Sam, James H. Shore, Sylvia G. Simpson, Paul Spicer, and Lorette L. Yazzie.
Blacks are more likely to attempt to quit smoking than Whites in any given year, however, the success rate is lower for Blacks than it is for Whites (Fiore et al., 1989; Fu et al., 2008; Giovino et al., 1994). One of the most striking differences in the smoking patterns between Blacks and Whites is the preference for mentholated (menthol) cigarettes among Blacks.
While only 20% of White smokers use menthol cigarettes, prevalence of menthol use among Black smokers is more than 70% (Caraballo & Asman, 2011; Cubbin, Soobader, & LeClere, 2010; Fagan et al., 2010; Giovino et al., 2004; Lawrence et al., 2010). Because of their high preference for menthol cigarettes, it has been suggested that the disparity in cessation success may be in part due to effects of the menthol in the smoke. While some studies have reported that menthol smokers have lower quit rates than nonmenthol smokers (Foulds, 2006; Gandhi, Foulds, Steinberg, Lu, & Williams, 2009; Okuyemi et al., 2003; Okuyemi, Faseru, Sanderson Cox, Bronars, & Ahluwalia, 2007), others have failed to show differential quit rates (Blot et al., 2011; Hyland, Garten, Giovino, & Cummings, 2002; Muscat, Richie, & Stellman, 2002).
Smoking cessation clinical trials do not routinely report outcomes based on whether participants smoked mentholated cigarettes. Consequently, little published information is available about whether menthol smokers have higher quit rates than nonmenthol smokers in smoking cessation trials. We previously reported (Okuyemi et al., 2003) that bupropion had lower efficacy for smoking cessation among menthol cigarette smokers younger than 50 years of age compared with nonmenthol smokers. Of the 600 smokers enrolled in the study, 471 (78.5%) smoked mentholated cigarettes, whereas 129 (21.5%) smoked nonmentholated cigarettes. Overall 28.3% of menthol smokers were abstinent at 6 weeks compared with 41.5% of nonmenthol smokers (p = .006).
When separated by treatment, among those who received bupropion, the 7-day point prevalence abstinence rate at 6 weeks for nonmenthol smokers (60.3%) was significantly higher than for menthol smokers (36.2%, p < .01). Abstinence rates did not differ by menthol status among those who received placebo (23.3% nonmenthol vs. 20.5% menthol; p = .63). This study AV-951 suggested that mentholated cigarettes attenuate the effect of bupropion for smoking cessation among Blacks (Okuyemi et al., 2003).
Related posts: