However, Silverman does note that it is routine during analysis of OPAQ data to adjust for a number of factors, including CX-5461 purchase concomitant medication use, this factor being used as a surrogate marker for comorbidity [11]. Likewise, data analyses for the OPAQ-PF may need to be adjusted for presence of musculoskeletal or other comorbidities (based on clinical examination or self-report). Given the focus of previous versions of OPAQ on the ability to detect change in patient GSK872 cost outcomes in association with fracture, it was expected that fracture and nonfracture patients
would give different responses to the questionnaire. Therefore, we anticipate that the OPAQ-PF will be able to distinguish between these patient groups, and will be well placed to capture the decline of osteoporosis patients as they enter the phase of the disease in which they experience fractures, and related symptoms and impacts. GSK126 order It is also likely that OPAQ-PF will be able to document improvements in patient outcomes associated with fracture healing. This will be further explored through an ongoing psychometric validation study. This study was subject to a number of limitations. First, content validity of the OPAQ-PF
was established in a specific patient population that was exclusively female, predominantly white, and already receiving therapy for osteoporosis. Therefore, validity may not necessarily be assumed for all races/ethnicities, for men, or for untreated individuals. Second, because postmenopausal osteoporosis is largely
asymptomatic [24], OPAQ-PF, in common with all other osteoporosis-specific PRO questionnaires, may provide more useful information when used in a population with a history of fracture than when used in a population without such history. Moreover, assessing women soon after a fracture event may be particularly informative. Recent data collected during the Fracture Reduction Evaluation of Denosumab in Osteoporosis Every 6 Months (FREEDOM) study show that, in women with incident clinical fractures, the largest deterioration in PROs is observed when patients are assessed <3 months post fracture [14]. This type of event-prompted assessment may allow researchers to document any differences in postfracture recovery between patients who are receiving therapy and those receiving placebo. A third limitation of the study selleck products is the somewhat historical nature of the data used in the IRT analysis. The data in question were generated during the baseline visit of a 3-year clinical trial (MORE) conducted between 1994 and 1998 [15]. These data were therefore generated approximately 15 years before the current study was performed, when available therapeutic options were more limited than they are today. Responses to OPAQ provided by patients enrolled in MORE in the 1990s may differ from those of a more contemporary population receiving current treatments for osteoporosis. A further limitation regarding the IRT analysis relates to the criteria used to delete items.
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