In conclusion, the biologic score is a valid predictor of life span in this large-scale prospective study of middle-aged and elderly Japanese.”
“Mental rotation is often said to be a right-hemisphere function. The CUDC-907 in vitro evidence for this claim, however, remains equivocal. To investigate whether right-hemispheric superiority relates to speed of processing, we measured the latencies and amplitudes of individual participant’s mental-rotation event-related potential effects over the parietal electrodes. The results suggest that increases in parietal negativity begin around 400 ms after stimulus onset, and continue until 550 ms over the right hemisphere, and 610 ms over the left hemisphere. The
effect of orientation on event-related potential amplitudes during those times do not differ between hemispheres. These results indicate that the lateralization effect is primarily related to timing, rather than the extent of cortical involvement. NeuroReport 20:1507-1512 (C) 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.”
“This
study aims to investigate the impact of caregiving on the health status and quality of life (QOL) of primary informal caregivers (PCGs) of elderly care recipients in Hong Kong. A total of 246 PCGs PRN1371 in vitro and 492 matched noncaregiver (NCG) controls were identified in a population-based cross-sectional study through random telephone dialing. Their health status and QOL were assessed based on structured questionnaires and Short Form 36 (SF-36) Health Survey. Multiple conditional logistic regression analysis showed that compared Pregnenolone with NCGs, PCGs had significantly increased risks for reporting worse health, more doctor visits, anxiety and depression, and weight loss. Female PCGs were more likely to report
chronic diseases, symptoms, and insomnia. PCGs, particularly women, had significantly lower scores in all eight domains of SF-36 Health Survey. High caregiver burden score (Zarit Burden Scale) was positively associated with adverse physical and psychological health and poorer QOL. The results indicate that PCGs, particularly women, had an adverse physical and psychological health profile and poorer QOL compared with NCGs.”
“The feed back-related negativity (FRN) is an event-related potential thought to reflect a reward prediction error, when an outcome is worse than expected. Behavior motivated by the avoidance of negative outcomes is sustained through negative reinforcement processes. Escaping or avoiding a negative outcome may be successful or not, resulting in an analogous situation to that which elicits the FRN. We observed that when expected avoidance of an aversive outcome fails to occur, there occurs a negative deflection in the frontocentral event-related potential at approximately 350 ms, but with a slow wave following. We suggest that the FRN may be considered an index of a broader class of reward-based learning that also includes avoiding negative outcomes as well as expecting positive ones.
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