Infectivity was demonstrated in ileal PP’s 4 mpi and the distribution/extent of infectivity at 24 mpi was comparable to those seen at earlier time points, revealing no indication for a decline/clearance. These data are relevant for the definition of Specified Risk Materials in the context of the TSE legislation worldwide.”
“The aim of this study is to
test the hypothesis that a breakfast meal with high carbohydrate/low fat results in an earlier increase in postprandial glucose and insulin, a greater decrease below baseline in postprandial glucose, and an earlier return of appetite, compared with a low carbohydrate/high fat meal. Overweight but otherwise healthy adults (n = 64) were maintained on one of two eucaloric diets: selleck products www.selleckchem.com/products/MK-2206.html high carbohydrate/low fat (HC/LF; 55:27:18% kcals from carbohydrate:fat:protein) versus low carbohydrate/high fat (LC/HF; 43:39:18% kcals from carbohydrate:fat:protein). After 4 weeks of acclimation to the diets, participants underwent a meal test during which circulating
glucose and insulin and self-reported hunger and fullness, were measured before and after consumption of breakfast from their assigned diets. The LC/HF meal resulted in a later time at the highest and lowest recorded glucose, higher glucose concentrations at 3 and 4 hours post meal, and lower insulin incremental area under the curve. Participants consuming the LC/HF meal reported lower appetite 3 and 4 hours following the meal, a response that was associated with the timing of the highest and lowest recorded glucose. Modest increases in meal DMXAA carbohydrate content at the expense of fat content may facilitate weight gain over the long-term by
contributing to an earlier rise and fall of postprandial glucose concentrations and an earlier return of appetite. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Cassava frogskin disease (CFSD) is a particular threat in cassava because symptoms remain hidden until harvest and losses can be total. The information related to the etiological agent of this disease is contradictory, because some authors believe it is caused by phytoplasmas while others believe that it is caused by a virus. In order to refine detection protocols and to characterize organisms associated with CFSD in Brazil, 32 symptomatic and 20 asymptomatic cassava plants were collected in Minas Gerais state. Total DNA was extracted and used for nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect phytoplasmas. Because endophytic Bacillus spp. led to false positives, primers were designed to facilitate the detection of phytoplasma in the presence of bacteria. In addition, double-stranded (ds)RNA was extracted from tubers and used in reverse-transcription PCR for the detection of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene from Cassava frogskin virus segment 4.
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