Milk consumption and resistance training also have been investigated in women. Josse et al. examined the effects of milk consumption post-workout on
strength and body composition in 20 healthy untrained women Selleck SIS3 [41]. Subjects were assigned to 500 mL of either fat-free milk or isocaloric maltodextrin. The women followed a weight training protocol 5 d.wk-1 for 12-weeks. Each participant completed strength assessments, DXA scans, and blood tests. The group consuming milk had statistically greater increases in LBM, greater fat mass losses and greater gains in strength, providing evidence that fat-free milk consumption post-workout was effective in promoting increased LBM and strength in women weightlifters [41]. The results of this study support those of previous studies completed in men showing that milk consumption post-workout has a favorable effect on MPS [37–40]. Protein supplement intake
studies: a comparison of timing protocols Protein and amino acid supplements have been used widely in studies showing their effectiveness on protein synthesis. Hoffman et al. compared protocols providing protein supplementation and subsequent effects on muscle strength and body composition in 33 strength-trained adult men [31]. Two MG-132 ic50 protein-intake timing strategies were implemented over the course of 10-weeks of resistance weight-training [31]. One group consumed a protein supplement comprising enzymatically hydrolyzed collagen-, whey-, and casein-protein isolates pre/post-workout. A second group consumed the same supplement in the CBL-0137 solubility dmso morning upon awakening and in the evening. A control group was not given the protein blend. The average caloric intake of the three groups was 29.1 ± 9.7 kcal.kg body mass-1.d-1. Muscle strength was assessed through one-repetition maximum (1RM) on bench and leg press. Body composition was assessed using DXA [31]. There were no group differences in body composition based on timing of supplementation [31]. All groups increased the 1RM for squats, indicating increased muscle strength. Only the protein supplement groups also showed significant increases in the 1RM for bench press, indicating improved strength [31]. These findings indicated that supplementation was beneficial
for increasing muscle strength in 1 RM bench Pyruvate dehydrogenase lipoamide kinase isozyme 1 press but timing of ingestion was not important. The results on body composition may have had different effects if participants had consumed adequate kcal.kg-1, as greater-than-maintenance-caloric needs are required for muscular hypertrophy to occur. Strength did increase, providing evidence to both the effectiveness of protein supplementation on strength and the effectiveness of the workout regimen used in this study. Future studies should ensure that participants are consuming greater than 44–50 kcal.kg-1 to maximize muscle hypertrophy [9]. Hoffman et al. conducted a double-blind study focusing on the use of protein supplements to hasten recovery from acute resistance weight training sessions [32].
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