” needs to be deleted. The sentence “If species richness Cytoskeletal Signaling inhibitor is distributed over a large area (high β-diversity) more space for protection is needed.” should read: “As species richness highly depends on area more space for protection is needed.” Moreover, we want to add that with less space being provided for species protection, also isolation among protected areas is likely to increase. Also, the following reference is added: Chessel D, Dufour AB, Thioulouse J (2004) The ade4 package-I-One-table methods. R News 4:5–10″
“Introduction Agricultural landscapes in Western Europe are suffering
a severe biodiversity crisis, mainly as a result of land-use intensification (Stoate et al. 2001; Robinson and Sutherland 2002; Gregory et al. 2004; Smart et al. 2006). Species richness in these landscapes is markedly improved by the presence of semi-natural landscape
elements and by management of the productive fields themselves (Duelli and Obrist 2003; Gibson et al. 2007; Drapela et al. 2008). Incorporation of semi-natural CP-690550 in vivo habitats on arable land and adoption of agri-environmental management are therefore seen as useful ways to promote biodiversity (e.g., Whittingham 2007). Such practises are often encouraged by mandatory schemes that are subsidised by national and regional governments: agri-environment schemes ID-8 (AES). Common options in current schemes include creation and management of all kinds of semi-natural areas. Frequently established semi-natural areas on arable lands are field margin habitats (e.g., De Snoo 1999; Marshall and Moonen 2002). These margins can be beneficial to biodiversity in several ways: they serve as refuge habitats for species unable to persist in intensively managed arable fields or in the declining acreage of natural habitat (Vickery et al. 2002; Marshall et al. 2006; Carvell et al. 2007; Smith et al. 2008a), provide overwintering
sites for a variety of small animals (e.g., Thomas et al. 1992; Dennis et al. 1994) and may act as ecological corridors (e.g., Kohler et al. 2008). It is not only from a conservation perspective that biodiversity in arable field margins is desirable. Because biodiversity is often positively correlated with the provision of ecosystem services (Chapin et al. 2000), it might also be beneficial to farmers (Kremen and Chaplin-Kramer 2007). Arable field margins with perennial vegetation can provide stable overwintering sites and alternative food PF-02341066 in vitro sources for pollinators and natural enemies of pest organism (Tylianakis et al. 2004; Schmidt and Tscharntke 2005). A permanently vegetated strip can reduce erosion of the field edges and the amount of pesticides and manure drift to adjacent ditches (De Snoo and De Wit 1998).
Related posts:
- 1 we combined the species richness maps from the cross-validation
- The number of species and breeding pairs in relation to the volum
- 2011) Differences in composition are greatest when PHB values ar
- foetus are distinct species ( Felleisen, 1998 and Tachezy et al ,
- 1998; Field et al 1998) Calcifying phytoplankton species also c