These commonly occur in pollutants, food preservatives, and pesticides.26 Atmospheric concentrations of pollutants are known to exhibit seasonal variation, providing support for a possible link with the onset of PBC.27, 28 Diet often varies seasonally and may be associated with the onset of PBC. There are Inhibitor Library screening several possible mechanisms, such as consumption of fresh vegetables contaminated with pesticides or infection with a specific bacterium whose prevalence varies seasonally. In conclusion, this is the first study, in a large population using reliable methodology, to find seasonal variation among
cases of PBC. There was a highly statistically significant excess of cases in the month of June, and the pattern exhibited a sinusoidal form of occurrence. These novel results provide further evidence for the role of one or more transient environmental agents in etiology, at least in some patients. Candidate agents include infections, atmospheric pollution, or dietary factors. “
“Glycogen storage disease (GSD) type Ia is caused by a deficiency
in glucose-6-phosphatase. Long-term complications, including renal disease, gout, osteoporosis and pulmonary hypertension, develop in patients with GSD type Ia. In the second or third decade, 22–75% of GSD type Ia patients develop hepatocellular adenoma (HCA). In some of these patients, the HCA evolves into hepatocellular carcinoma. However, little is known about GSD type Ia patients with HCA who develop cholangiocellular carcinoma (CCC). Here, we report for the first time, a patient with GSD type Ia with HCA, in whom intrahepatic
MAPK inhibitor CCC was developed. “
“The development of portal fibrosis following the iron loading of hepatocytes is the first stage of fibrogenesis Protein kinase N1 in hereditary hemochromatosis. In other chronic liver diseases it has been shown that a ductular reaction (DR) appears early, correlates with fibrosis progression, and is a consequence of activation of an alternative pathway of hepatocyte replication. This study was designed to investigate the presence of the DR in hemochromatosis and describe its associations. Liver biopsies from 63 C282Y homozygous patients were assessed for hepatic iron concentration (HIC) and graded for iron loading, fibrosis stage, steatosis, and inflammation. Immunostaining allowed quantification of the DR, hepatocyte senescence and proliferation, and analysis incorporated clinical data. Hepatocyte senescence was positively correlated with HIC, serum ferritin, and oxidative stress. A DR was demonstrated and occurred prior to histological fibrosis. HIC, age, hepatocyte senescence and proliferation, portal inflammation, and excessive alcohol consumption all had significant associations with the extent of the DR. In multivariate analysis, iron loading, hepatocyte replicative arrest, and portal inflammation remained independently and significantly associated with the DR. Of factors associated with fibrosis progression, the DR (odds ratio [OR] 10.86 P < 0.
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