We characterized these varicosities by exploring the occurrence of synaptophysin-like immunoreactivity (Syn), a marker of small clear vesicles, and synaptotagmin-like immunoreactivity (Syt), a preferential marker of large dense core vesicles. We found that (i) VAChT and mENK, like ChAT-mENK, were coexpressed in only 59% of the mENK-containing varicosities, although they colocalized in the SPN cell bodies; and (ii) almost 60% of the population of mENK-containing varicosities did not express Syn or Syt, and over
80% of the mENK-containing varicosities Mocetinostat in vivo negative for VAChT also lacked Syn. These data prove that SPIN! segregate mENK from VAChT and ChAT, and show that most of the subset of mENKergic varicosities negative for VAChT also does not express Syn, suggesting the presence of a different vesicular pattern in these sympathetic preganglionic varicosities. (C) 2009 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Objective: Constrictive Nepicastat nmr external Nitinol meshes have been shown to suppress neointimal tissue formation and preserve endothelial integrity in vein grafts. As this mitigating effect increased with the degree of constriction,
we investigated whether extreme constriction was possible without leading to detrimental luminal encroachment.
Methods: A senescent non-human primate model (Chacma baboons/bilateral femoral interposition grafts) mimicking the clinical size-mismatch between vein grafts and run-off arteries was used. Control grafts were either untreated (group 1) or spray-coated with fibrin glue (group 2). Nitinol meshes constricting the lumen by <= 80% (group 3) were compared with longitudinally pleated meshes of identical circumference that constricted the lumen by >90% (group 4). Anastomotic size mismatch at implantation
was PFKL expressed as quotient of cross-sectional area of run-off artery to vein graft (Q(C)).
Results: At 6 months, all vein grafts without mesh support showed thick eccentric layers of neointimal tissue (group 1: 348 +/- 130 mu m [Q(C) median at implant 0.19]; group 2: 318 +/- 142 mu m [Q(C) median at implant 0.17]). Fibrin glue-spraying had no effect. In contrast, neointimal tissue was absent in all mesh-supported grafts (P < .007 in all cases) both at 6 weeks/6 months (group 3: 7.5 +/- 8.8 mu m and 2.5 +/- 4.4 mu m [Q(C) median at implant 1.47]; group 4: 1.3 +/- 0.6 mu m and 3.8 mu 5.6 mu m [Q(C) median at implant 3.09]). Except for mild tissue buckling (fold height <356 mu m) in one group 3 graft, none of the mesh-constricted grafts showed wall folds.
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