We next explored the specificity of the link between amygdala activity and person rank, and the effects of task context (i.e., bid versus control trials), by performing an ROI analysis (see Supplemental Experimental Procedures and Supplemental Results for full details of repeated-measures ANOVA). We observed CP 690550 that activity within an ROI within the left amygdala, which was functionally
defined based on an orthogonal selection contrast (see Supplemental Experimental Procedures and Table S5B), showed a significantly greater correlation with person, as compared to galaxy, rank (t(24) = 2.3, two-tailed p = 0.03) during bid trials, an effect that was not present in a functionally defined region of the hippocampus (p > 0.1; see Supplemental Results). Moreover, person rank coding in the amygdala was observed to be significantly stronger during bid trials – where rank information was of direct motivational relevance—as compared to control trials (t(24) = 2.2, two-tailed p = 0.04; Figure S2 and Supplemental Results). Finally, we also found evidence linking the
strength of the neural signal coding for person rank in the amygdala to behavior, with more robust coding in a given participant associated with greater influence of person rank on their WTP (r = 0.41, p = 0.02; see Supplemental Results). In summary, the findings from the Invest phase suggest that the amygdala selectively expressed a signal coding for person rank during bid HIF inhibitor trials,
where highly ranked individuals carried greater worth, and provide evidence of the behavioral significance of this signal. In contrast, our results indicate that the hippocampus plays a domain-general role in coding the rank of items in both social and nonsocial hierarchies. Our data relate closely to empirical evidence which demonstrates that the amygdala plays a role in representing the value of appetitive and aversive stimuli in the environment, in a fashion that is shaped by task context and motivational relevance, and can be closely linked to behavior (Balleine and below Killcross, 2006; Baxter and Murray, 2002; Davis et al., 2010; Morrison and Salzman, 2010; Phelps and LeDoux, 2005). As such, our observation that neural activity within the amygdala tracks person rank during bid trials, as well as the finding that the robustness of amygdala coding of person rank across participants correlates with behavior, is highly consistent with previous work demonstrating that neural activity within the amygdala tracks stimulus-value associations, and can be tightly linked to behavioral output (e.g., Morrison and Salzman, 2010).
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