, 2007). In recent years, interest in the exploitation of valuable EPS has been increasing for various applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries (Wingender et al., 1999; Kumar et al., 2007), and for heavy metal removal (Zamil et al., 2008) and wastewater treatment (Aguilera et al.,
2008), etc. EPS was also considered an abundant source of structurally diverse polysaccharides, some of which may possess unique properties for special applications. In a previous study, we reported that Pseudomonas fluorescens BM07 secreted CB-839 supplier large amounts of exobiopolymer when grown on fructose at 10 °C (Lee et al., 2004b; Zamil et al., 2008) and played an important role in the bioremediation find more of heavy metals, especially in the cold season (Zamil et al., 2008). The main components of the cold-induced exobiopolymer in BM07 are water-insoluble hydrophobic polypeptide(s)
(up to 85%) and saccharides (8%). Carbohydrate analyses revealed glucose, glucosamine and galactosamine as major components of the sugar units in the exobiopolymer (Zamil et al., 2008). The isolated exobiopolymer exhibited an endothermic transition with an enthalpy of 84 J g−1 at 192 °C as well as a sharp X-ray diffraction pattern, suggesting a probable uniquely structured organization around cells (Zamil et al., 2008). In this study we report on the generation and characterization of P. fluorescens BM07 transposon mutants which were disrupted in exobiopolymer formation but increased its polyhydroxyalkanoates accumulation compared with the wild type. The bacterial strains, plasmids and oligonucleotides used in this study are listed in Table 1. Escherichia coli strains and all its recombinants harboring different plasmids were cultivated at 37 °C in Luria–Bertani (LB) medium. Pseudomonas fluorescens BM07 (Lee et al., 2001) and its mutants were grown at 30 °C in LB as inoculative medium and grown in shake flasks (2-L flasks)
containing 500 mL of M1 medium (Lee et al., 2001) with shaking at 150 r.p.m. Antibiotics were added to growth media in the following click here concentrations: ampicillin, 100 μg mL−1; kanamycin, 20 μg mL−1; chloramphenicol, 34 μg mL−1. Standard DNA manipulation techniques (Sambrook & Russell, 2001) were used. Plasmid DNA was prepared using the Miniprep extraction kit (DNA-spin, Korea). Restriction enzymes and T4 DNA ligase were purchased from New England Biolabs (Hitchin, UK). PCR using Taq DNA polymerase (Invitrogen, Auckland, New Zealand) were performed according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Oligonucleotide primers were purchased from Genotech (Korea). DNA was sequenced using the BigDye terminator sequencing kit (Applied Biosystems, Warrington, UK) on an automated DNA Sequencer, model 310 (Perkin Elmer, Warrington, UK). Transposon mutants were generated by conjugating P. fluorescens BM07 with E. coli S17-1 (Simon et al.
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