As annealing temperature was 550°C and annealing time of CIS absorber layers was 5, 10, 20, and 30 min, the FWHM values of the (112) peak was 0.496, 0.472, 0.424, and 0.371, respectively. In this study, the thicknesses of the annealed CIS absorption layers were around 1,905 ± 53 nm. The carrier concentration had a maximum of 1.01 × 1022 cm–3 at 30 min and the mobility had a minimum of 1.01 cm2/V-s at 30 min. The resistivity of all the CIS absorber layers was in the region of 3.17 to 6.42 × 10−4
Ω-cm and the minimum resistivity of 2.17 × 10−4 Kinase Inhibitor Library manufacturer Ω-cm appeared at the 20-min-annealed CIS films. Acknowledgments The authors acknowledge financial supports of NSC 102-2622-E-390 -002-CC3 and NSC 102-2221-E-390-027. References 1. Reuter M, Brendle W, Tobail O, Werner JH: 50 μm thin solar cells with 17.0% efficiency. Solar Energy Mater Sol Cells 2009, 93:704–706.CrossRef
2. Miles RW: Photovoltaic solar cells: choice of materials and production methods. Vacuum 2006, 80:1090–1097.CrossRef 3. Fan JCC: Promises of III-V solar cells. Solar Energy Mater 1991, 23:129–138.CrossRef 4. Jackson P, Wurz R, Rau U, Mattheis J, Kurth M, Schlotzer T, Bilger G, Werner JH: High quality baseline for high efficiency, Cu(In1 − x, Gax)Se2 solar cells. Progress in Photovoltaics 2007, 15:507–519.CrossRef 5. Powalla M, Voorwinden G, Hariskos D, Jackson P, Kniese R: Highly efficient CIS solar cells and modules made by the co-evaporation process. Thin Solid Films 2009, 517:2111–2114.CrossRef 6. Hsu CY, Huang PC, Chen YY, Wen DC: Fabrication of a Cu(InGa)Se 2 thin film photovoltaic absorber by rapid thermal annealing of CuGa/In precursors coated with a Se layer. International Journal of Photoenergy 2013, Z-IETD-FMK 2013:132105. 7. Ojaa I, Nanu M, Katerski A, Krunks M, Mere A, Raudoja J, Goossens
A: Crystal quality studies of CuInS 2 films prepared by spray pyrolysis. Thin Solid Films 2005, 480–481:82–86.CrossRef 8. Li M, Zheng M, Zhou T, Li C, Ma L, Shen W: Fabrication and characterization of ordered CuIn (1-x) Ga old x Se 2 nanopore films via template-based electrodeposition. Nanoscale Res Lett 2012, 7:675.CrossRef 9. Eberspacher C, Fredric C, Pauls K, Serra J: Thin-film CIS alloy PV materials fabricated using non-vacuum particles-based techniques. Thin Solid Films 2001, 387:18–22.CrossRef 10. Lin Y, Chen Y, Feng M, Yan A, Zhuang X: One-pot synthesis of soluble nanoscale CIGS photoactive functional materials. Nanoscale Res Lett 2008, 3:21–24.CrossRef 11. Wada T, Kinoshita H: Preparation of CuIn(S, Se)2 by mechanochemical process. Thin Solid Films 2005, 480–481:92–94.CrossRef 12. Mehdaoui S, Enslim N, Aissaoui O, Benabdeslem M, AZD0156 ic50 Bechiri L, Otmani A, Portier X, Nouet G: Study of the properties of CuInSe 2 materials prepared from nanoparticle powder. Mater Char 2009, 60:451–455.CrossRef 13. Gu SI, Hong SH, Shin HS, Hong YW, Yeo DH, Kim JH, Nahm S: Phase analysis of Cu(In 1-x Ga x )Se 2 prepared by solvothermal method. Ceram Inter 2012, 38:S521-S523.CrossRef 14.
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